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RxLess > Health Conditions > Pain Management

Pain Management

What Is Pain Management?

Pain management refers to the efforts made to allow those people living with chronic pain to feel less pain while still maintaining an active and productive life. In most cases this involves a combination of medications and physical or occupational therapy.

What are The Symptoms of Chronic Pain?

A person is said to have chronic pain if they live with pain on a daily basis and there is no long term, permanent solution available. The symptoms are dependent on the area of the body that the pain is located in but may include:

  • Constant pain in varying intensities
  • Pain that is not constant but flares up on a regular and frequent basis
  • Changes in lifestyle, work life or activity due to the pain
  • Loss of income due to pain
  • Loss of interest in activities, friends or family due to pain.

What Are the Causes of Chronic Pain?

Chronic pain may be caused by internal or external factors. Some causes include:

  • Injury, particularly those that do not heal properly
  • Cancerous or other tumors
  • Bone or joint deterioration
  • Blood flow problems
  • Dysfunction of the nervous system
  • Other Illness or Disease

Can Any Complications Arise If Left Untreated?

Whether or not there are complications due to untreated chronic pain depends on the causes of the pain and how disabling it is. If the pain is due to disease or illness, without treatment the problem is likely to get worse with the pain getting worse and other complications arising.

Even if the severity of the pain does not get worse, chronic pain that is not treated can cause negative lifestyle changes, loss of income, isolation and depression.

What Medications Treat Pain Management?

There are several types of over-the-counter medications (Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen, Aspirin, and Naproxen) and prescription (Codeine, Fetanyl, Percocet, Hydrocodone, Oxycodone and Morphine) options to help someone manage their pain. The one used/prescribed will be based on the type and severity of the pain.

Common medications may include

Agents for Opioid Withdrawal, Opioid-Type
Drugs used to relieve moderate to severe pain caused by opioid withdrawal.
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Anal Fissure Pain/Treatment Agents - Nitrates
Drugs containing nitratres used to treat pain from Anal Fissures
Analgesic - Central Alpha-2 Receptor Agonists
Drugs used to relieve pain. They work by reducing central sympathetic overflow
Analgesic - Neuronal (N)-Type Calcium Channel Blockers (NCCBs)
Drugs used to relieve pain.
Anesthetic - Non-Parenteral
Drugs used to induce insensitivity to pain taken via oral, topical, or suppository in combination with parenteral (iv/injection)
Anticonvulsant - GABA Analogs
Drugs that prevent or reduce the severity and frequency of seizures.
Calcium Channel Blockers
Drugs used to relax and dilate the blood vessels, resulting in lower blood pressure and may also slow the heart rate and alleviate chest pain.
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Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) Combinations
Drugs used to relax and dilate the blood vessels, resulting in lower blood pressure and may also slow the heart rate and alleviate chest pain.
Dermatological - NSAID Combinations
Drugs used to treat inflammation, relieve mild to moderate pain, and reduce fevers.
Dermatological - NSAID Single Agents
Drugs used to treat inflammation, relieve mild to moderate pain, and reduce fevers.
Fibromyalgia Agents - Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake-Inhib (SNRIs)
Drugs used to treat long-term (chronic) pain, especially nerve pain
GI Antispasmodic - Belladonna Alkaloids
Drugs used to relieve cramping pains in conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome and spastic colon
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Local Anesthetic Combinations
Drugs used to numb pain and create insensitivity to pain
Migraine Therapy - Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Inhibitors
Drugs used to prevent and treat migraine pain with CGRP protein
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Migraine Therapy - NSAID Analgesics(Cyclooxygenase Inhib-Non-Selectiv)
Drugs used to treat inflammation, relieve mild to moderate pain, and reduce fevers.
Mouth and Throat - Local Anesthetic and Antiseptic Lozenges
Lozenges used to numb or relieve pain and reduce the possibility of infection
Mydriatic and Cycloplegic Combinations
Drugs that reduce pain by blocking ciliary spasm, and they reduce intraocular inflammation by stabilizing the blood-aqueous barrier
Nasal Anesthetics
Drugs used to causing numbing and insensitivty to pain
Ophthalmic - Anti-inflammatory, NSAIDs
Drugs used to treat inflammation, relieve mild to moderate pain, and reduce fevers.
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Ophthalmic - Mydriatic-NSAID Combinations
Drugs used to treat inflammation, relieve mild to moderate pain, and reduce fevers.
Vaginal Anesthetic Combinations
Drugs used to numb an area and relieve pain

References:

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21514-pain-management

https://www.mayoclinic.org/chronic-pain-medication-decisions/art-20360371