Written and medically reviewed by Dorcas Morak, PharmD
Colorectal cancer is a significant health concern, ranking as the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. If you're interested in understanding what colorectal cancer is, its risks, and how to prevent it, you've come to the right place. In this guide, we'll explore the factors associated with colorectal cancer, both controllable and uncontrollable, and provide practical tips to help you lower your risk.Understanding the Risk Factors of Colorectal Cancer
While the exact cause of colorectal cancer remains unknown, certain risk factors have been established. It's important to note that while you can make lifestyle modifications to mitigate specific risks, some factors are beyond your control and cannot be prevented.
Unavoidable risk factors for colorectal cancer include:
- Family history
- Inflammatory intestinal conditions, such as ulcerative colitis
- Older age
- Personal or family history of colon polyps
- Race
Avoidable risk factors for colorectal cancer include:
- Heavy alcohol consumption
- Lack of physical activity
- Obesity
- Smoking cigarettes
- Unhealthy diets (low in fiber, high in calories and fat)
While having a family history of colorectal cancer does increase your risk, it's important to remember that many individuals with a family history do not develop the disease. To assess your personal risk, take this quiz and consult with your healthcare provider if you’re concerned.
Preventing Colorectal Cancer
Here are actionable steps you can take to lower your risk of colorectal cancer:
Eat your veggies and healthy fats: Research indicates that individuals who consume a Western diet have a higher incidence of colorectal cancer. Conversely, those who consume high-fiber diets have a lower risk. Incorporate fruits, vegetables, and whole grains into your meals, as they are rich in essential nutrients, fiber, and antioxidants that can help prevent colorectal cancer.
Get moving: Regular physical activity offers numerous health benefits, including a potential reduction in the risk of various cancers, including colorectal cancer. Aim for at least 30 minutes of committed physical activity on most days of the week to significantly lower your risk.
Watch your weight: Excess body weight increases the chances of developing colorectal cancer, as well as other types of cancer. If you need assistance in losing weight, consider consulting your healthcare team for medical and non-medical approaches to weight loss.
Limit alcohol and don't smoke: Excessive alcohol consumption is a risk factor for colorectal cancer. If you choose to drink alcohol, moderation is key. Women should limit their intake to one drink per day, while men should not exceed two drinks per day. If you're a smoker, quitting is crucial. Your healthcare provider can offer guidance, support, or refer you to a program to aid your smoking cessation efforts.
By understanding the risk factors associated with colorectal cancer and taking proactive steps to prevent them, you can significantly reduce the burden of the disease and improve your overall health outcomes. Remember, early detection through regular screening is also crucial. Stay proactive, prioritize your well-being, and strive for a healthier future.
