Written and medically reviewed by Dorcas Morak, Pharm.D
Bupropion, known by its generic name and various brand names such as Wellbutrin, Buproban, Aplenzin, Budeprion, and Zyban, is a medication with versatile prescription. Primarily prescribed for the treatment of depression and smoking cessation, Bupropion's mechanism of action is different from other antidepressants. Approved by the FDA in 1985, Bupropion has become a staple in managing depression and aiding individuals in their journey to quit smoking.
What are Bupropion HCL indications, and How Does it Work?
Bupropion is prescribed in two main therapeutic areas: depression treatment and smoking cessation. Unlike many antidepressants, which predominantly target serotonin or norepinephrine, Bupropion acts primarily on dopamine and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition. This unique mechanism of action makes it a valuable option for individuals who do not respond favorably to other antidepressants. Additionally, Bupropion's efficacy in smoking cessation stems from its ability to reduce nicotine cravings and withdrawal symptoms, facilitating the process of quitting.
What Forms and Dosages of Bupropion are Available?
Bupropion Hcl is available in tablet and long-acting formulations, offering dosing and administration flexibility. Ordinary doses include 75mg and 100mg tablets, with prescriptions typically dispensed in bottles containing 100 tablets. Patients are advised to adhere strictly to their prescribed dosage regimen, although adjustments may be necessary to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes. Extended-release formulations, such as Aplenzin, are designed for once-daily dosing and should be swallowed whole, without crushing or chewing, to ensure sustained drug release.
What are the Recommended Administration Guidelines for Taking Bupropion?
Bupropion patients are encouraged to follow specific administration guidelines to maximize treatment efficacy and minimize adverse effects. Depending on the formulation, Bupropion may be taken with or without food, although individuals experiencing stomach upset or nausea may benefit from it with meals. It's important to note that extended-release tablets may partially appear in stools, which is normal and not cause for concern. Patients should also adhere to their prescribed dosing schedule and avoid doubling doses if a dose is missed.
What are the Key Contraindications or Warnings Regarding Bupropion?
While Bupropion is a valuable therapeutic agent, it is not suitable for everyone. Individuals with a history of allergic reactions to Bupropion or those with a history of seizures, anorexia, or bulimia should refrain from its use. Moreover, caution is warranted in patients with underlying medical conditions such as kidney disease, liver disease, heart disease, diabetes, glaucoma, and high blood pressure. Bupropion may exacerbate certain conditions or interact with other medications, necessitating careful evaluation and monitoring by healthcare providers.
What are the Potential Drug Interactions with Bupropion?
Bupropion has the potential to interact with a wide range of medications, including:
- MAO inhibitors: Selegiline (Emsam), Phenelzine (Nardil), Tranylcypromine (Parnate).
- Barbiturates: Phenobarbital (Luminal), Secobarbital (Seconal).
- Benzodiazepines: Diazepam (Valium), Alprazolam (Xanax), Lorazepam (Ativan)
- Antiseizure medications: Carbamazepine (Tegretol), Valproate (Depakote), Lamotrigine (Lamictal).
- Sedatives: Zolpidem (Ambien), Eszopiclone (Lunesta), Temazepam (Restoril).
It's important to note that this is not an exhaustive list, and there may be other medications within each category that can interact with bupropion. Patients should inform their healthcare provider about all medications, including over-the-counter and herbal supplements, to mitigate the risk of drug interactions. Additionally, Bupropion may induce various side effects, ranging from mild to severe. Serious side effects include seizures, allergic reactions, changes in mood or behavior, high blood pressure, and serious skin reactions, necessitating immediate medical attention.
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