Zepbound Drug Information
Generic name: TIRZEPATIDE
Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Receptor Agonist [EPC] GLP-1 Receptor Agonist [EPC]
Uses of Zepbound
ZEPBOUND ® is indicated in combination with a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity: to reduce excess body weight and maintain weight reduction long term in adults with obesity or adults with overweight in the presence of at least one weight-related comorbid condition. to treat moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults with obesity. Limitations of Use: Coadministration with other tirzepatide-containing products or with any GLP-1 receptor agonist is not recommended. Limitations of Use ZEPBOUND contains tirzepatide.
Coadministration with other tirzepatide-containing products or with any glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist is not recommended.
Dosage & Administration of Zepbound
Recommended Dose Escalation Schedule
The recommended starting dosage of ZEPBOUND for all indications is 2.5 mg injected subcutaneously once weekly for 4 weeks. The 2.5 mg dosage is for treatment initiation and is not approved as a maintenance dosage. Follow the dosage escalation below for all indications to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal adverse reactions.
After 4 weeks, increase the dosage to 5 mg injected subcutaneously once weekly. The dosage may be increased in 2.5 mg increments, after at least 4 weeks on the current dose. Consider treatment response and tolerability when selecting the maintenance dosage.
If patients do not tolerate a maintenance dosage, consider a lower maintenance dosage.
Recommended Maintenance and Maximum Dosage Recommended Maintenance Dosage Weight Reduction and Long-Term Maintenance The recommended maintenance dosage is 5 mg, 10 mg, or 15 mg, injected subcutaneously once weekly. Maximum Recommended Dosage The maximum dosage of ZEPBOUND for all indications is 15 mg injected subcutaneously once weekly.
Recommendations Regarding Missed Dose If a dose is missed, instruct patients to administer ZEPBOUND as soon as possible within 4 days (96 hours) after the missed dose. If more than 4 days have passed, skip the missed dose and administer the next dose on the regularly scheduled day. In each case, patients can then resume their regular once weekly dosing schedule.
The day of weekly administration can be changed, if necessary, as long as the time between the two doses is at least 3 days (72 hours).
Important Administration Instructions
Inform patients and their caregiver(s) which ZEPBOUND presentation (e.g., vial, prefilled single-dose pen, single-patient-use KwikPen) they will receive and ensure they receive training appropriate for that specific presentation. If the prescribed ZEPBOUND presentation changes, ensure patients and caregivers receive appropriate training and instruct them to consult the Instructions for Use for the newly prescribed presentation. Prior to initiation, train patients and their caregiver(s) on proper injection technique for the prescribed ZEPBOUND presentation.
After training, a patient may self-inject ZEPBOUND if the healthcare provider determines that it can be properly administered, except for the following: ZEPBOUND KwikPen is not recommended for self-administration by those who are visually impaired. Instruct patients using ZEPBOUND vials to use a syringe appropriate for dose administration (e.g., a 1 mL syringe capable of measuring a 0.5 mL or 0.6 mL dose) and always use a new syringe and needle for each injection. Inspect ZEPBOUND visually before use.
It should appear clear and colorless to slightly yellow. Do not use ZEPBOUND if particulate matter or discoloration is seen. Administer ZEPBOUND in combination with a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity.
Administer ZEPBOUND once weekly at any time of day, with or without meals. Inject ZEPBOUND subcutaneously in the abdomen, thigh, or another person should inject in the back of the upper arm. Rotate injection sites with each dose.
Side Effects of Zepbound
Clinical Trials Experience
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Adverse Reactions in Patients for Weight Reduction and Long-Term Maintenance Pool of Placebo - Controlled Weight Reduction Trials in Adults with Obesity or Overweight, with or without Type 2 Diabetes (Study 1 and Study 2) ZEPBOUND was evaluated for safety in a pool of two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials that included 2,519 adult patients with obesity or overweight treated with ZEPBOUND for up to 72 weeks and a 4-week off drug follow-up period (Study 1 and Study 2). The mean age of patients was 47 years and 37% were male.
The majority of patients who discontinued ZEPBOUND due to adverse reactions did so during the first few months of treatment due to gastrointestinal adverse reactions. Common Adverse Reactions Table 1 shows common adverse reactions associated with the use of ZEPBOUND in the pool of two placebo-controlled trials for weight reduction (Study 1 and Study 2). These adverse reactions occurred more commonly with ZEPBOUND than with placebo and occurred in at least 2% of patients treated with ZEPBOUND.
Table 1: Adverse Reactions (≥2% and Greater than Placebo) in ZEPBOUND-Treated Adults with Obesity or Overweight in Weight Reduction and Long-term Maintenance Trials Study 1 and Study In a clinical trial for weight reduction that included an intensive lifestyle intervention lead-in period (Study 3), 287 patients were treated with ZEPBOUND for up to 72 weeks. In Study 3, 10% of ZEPBOUND-treated patients and 2% of placebo-treated patients discontinued drug due to adverse reactions. In Study 4, 7% of patients discontinued ZEPBOUND treatment before randomized withdrawal at Week 36 due to adverse reactions.
Gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions In a pool of Study 1 and 2, gastrointestinal adverse reactions occurred more frequently among patients receiving ZEPBOUND than placebo (30%). The majority of nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhea events occurred during dose escalation and decreased over time. Hypotension was more frequently seen in ZEPBOUND-treated patients on concomitant antihypertensive therapy (2.2%) compared to ZEPBOUND-treated patients not on antihypertensive therapy (1.2%).
Hypotension also occurred in association with gastrointestinal adverse events and dehydration. Among ZEPBOUND-treated patients, hypersensitivity reactions were more frequent in those with anti-tirzepatide antibodies (6.2%) compared to those who did not develop anti-tirzepatide antibodies (3%). The majority of the hypersensitivity reactions in trials were skin reactions (e.g., rash, itching).
Injection Site Reactions In ZEPBOUND-treated patients in a pool of Study 1 and 2, injection site reactions were more frequent in those with anti-tirzepatide antibodies (11.3%) compared to those who did not develop anti-tirzepatide antibodies (1%). Hair Loss Hair loss adverse reactions in ZEPBOUND-treated patients were associated with weight reduction. No ZEPBOUND-treated patients and one placebo-treated patient discontinued study treatment due to hair loss.
In Study 1, a trial of ZEPBOUND in adults with obesity/overweight without type 2 diabetes mellitus, there was no systematic capturing of hypoglycemia, but plasma glucose <54 mg/dL was reported in 0.3% of ZEPBOUND-treated patients versus no placebo-treated patients. Heart Rate Increase In a pool of Study 1 and 2, treatment with ZEPBOUND resulted in a mean increase in heart rate of 1 to 3 beats per minute compared to no increase in placebo-treated patients. Dysesthesia In a pool of Study 1 and 2, dysesthesia occurred more frequently among patients receiving ZEPBOUND than placebo (0.1%).
Dysgeusia In a pool of Study 1 and 2, dysgeusia was reported by 0.4% of ZEPBOUND-treated patients and no placebo-treated patients. The clinical significance of elevations in amylase or lipase with ZEPBOUND is unknown in the absence of other signs and symptoms of pancreatitis. Adverse Reactions in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea ZEPBOUND was evaluated in 2 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (Study 5 and Study 6) that included a total of 467 adult patients with moderate to severe OSA and obesity.
The adverse reactions observed with ZEPBOUND 10 mg or 15 mg administered subcutaneously once weekly were similar to those reported in the two pooled placebo controlled clinical trials for weight reduction (Study 1 and Study 2).
Postmarketing Experience
The following adverse reactions have been reported during post-approval use of tirzepatide, the active ingredient in ZEPBOUND. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or to establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Gastrointestinal: acute pancreatitis, hemorrhagic and necrotizing pancreatitis sometimes resulting in death, ileus, intestinal obstruction, severe constipation including fecal impaction Hypersensitivity: anaphylaxis, angioedema Pulmonary: Pulmonary aspiration has occurred in patients receiving GLP-1 receptor agonists undergoing elective surgeries or procedures requiring general anesthesia or deep sedation.
Renal: acute renal failure or worsening of chronic renal failure, sometimes requiring hemodialysis
| a Includes diarrhea, frequent bowel movements. | ||||
| b Includes constipation, feces hard. | ||||
| c Includes abdominal discomfort, abdominal pain, abdominal pain lower, abdominal pain upper, abdominal tenderness. | ||||
| d Includes multiple related adverse event terms, such as injection site bruising, injection site erythema, injection site pruritus, injection site pain, injection site rash, injection site reaction. | ||||
| e Includes asthenia, fatigue, lethargy, malaise. | ||||
| f Includes blood pressure decreased, hypotension, orthostatic hypotension. | ||||
| Adverse Reaction | Placebo (N=958) % | ZEPBOUND 5 mg (N=630) % | ZEPBOUND 10 mg (N=948) % | ZEPBOUND 15 mg (N=941) % |
| Nausea | 8 | 25 | 29 | 28 |
| Diarrhea a | 8 | 19 | 21 | 23 |
| Vomiting | 2 | 8 | 11 | 13 |
| Constipation b | 5 | 17 | 14 | 11 |
| Abdominal Pain c | 5 | 9 | 9 | 10 |
| Dyspepsia | 4 | 9 | 9 | 10 |
| Injection Site Reactions d | 2 | 6 | 8 | 8 |
| Fatigue e | 3 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| Hypersensitivity Reactions | 3 | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Eructation | 1 | 4 | 5 | 5 |
| Hair Loss | 1 | 5 | 4 | 5 |
| Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease | 2 | 4 | 4 | 5 |
| Flatulence | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
| Abdominal Distension | 2 | 3 | 3 | 4 |
| Dizziness | 2 | 4 | 5 | 4 |
| Hypotension f | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
Warnings & Cautions for Zepbound
Risk of Thyroid C-Cell Tumors
In rats, tirzepatide caused a dose-dependent and treatment-duration-dependent increase in the incidence of thyroid C-cell tumors (adenomas and carcinomas) in a 2-year study at clinically relevant plasma exposures. It is unknown whether ZEPBOUND causes thyroid C-cell tumors, including MTC, in humans as human relevance of tirzepatide-induced rodent thyroid C-cell tumors has not been determined. ZEPBOUND is contraindicated in patients with a personal or family history of MTC or in patients with MEN 2.
Counsel patients regarding the potential risk for MTC with the use of ZEPBOUND and inform them of symptoms of thyroid tumors (e.g., a mass in the neck, dysphagia, dyspnea, persistent hoarseness). Routine monitoring of serum calcitonin or using thyroid ultrasound is of uncertain value for early detection of MTC in patients treated with ZEPBOUND. Such monitoring may increase the risk of unnecessary procedures, due to the low test specificity for serum calcitonin and a high background incidence of thyroid disease.
Significantly elevated serum calcitonin values may indicate MTC and patients with MTC usually have calcitonin values >50 ng/L. If serum calcitonin is measured and found to be elevated, the patient should be further evaluated. Patients with thyroid nodules noted on physical examination or neck imaging should also be further evaluated.
Severe Gastrointestinal Adverse Reactions Use of ZEPBOUND has been associated with gastrointestinal adverse reactions, sometimes severe. In a pool of two ZEPBOUND clinical trials for weight reduction (Studies 1 and 2), severe gastrointestinal adverse reactions were reported more frequently among patients receiving ZEPBOUND than placebo (1%). Similar rates of severe gastrointestinal adverse reactions were observed in ZEPBOUND clinical trials for weight reduction and in ZEPBOUND clinical trials for OSA.
Severe gastrointestinal adverse reactions have also been reported postmarketing with GLP-1 receptor agonists. ZEPBOUND is not recommended in patients with severe gastroparesis.
Acute Kidney Injury Due to Volume Depletion There have been postmarketing reports of acute kidney injury, in some cases requiring hemodialysis, in patients treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists, or ZEPBOUND. The majority of the reported events occurred in patients who experienced gastrointestinal adverse reactions leading to dehydration such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Monitor renal function in patients reporting adverse reactions to ZEPBOUND that could lead to volume depletion, especially during dosage initiation and escalation of ZEPBOUND.
Acute Gallbladder Disease Treatment with ZEPBOUND and GLP-1 receptor agonists is associated with an increased occurrence of acute gallbladder disease. Acute gallbladder events were associated with weight reduction. Similar rates of cholelithiasis were reported in ZEPBOUND clinical trials for weight reduction and in ZEPBOUND trials for OSA.
If cholecystitis is suspected, gallbladder diagnostic studies and appropriate clinical follow-up are indicated.
Acute Pancreatitis
Acute pancreatitis, including fatal and non-fatal hemorrhagic or necrotizing pancreatitis, has been observed in patients treated with GLP-1 receptor agonists, or ZEPBOUND. After initiation of ZEPBOUND, observe patients carefully for signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis which may include persistent or severe abdominal pain (sometimes radiating to the back) and which may or may not be accompanied by nausea or vomiting. If pancreatitis is suspected, discontinue ZEPBOUND and initiate appropriate management.
Hypersensitivity Reactions There have been postmarketing reports of serious hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis, angioedema) in patients treated with tirzepatide. In a pool of two ZEPBOUND clinical studies for weight reduction (Studies 1 and 2), 0.1% of ZEPBOUND-treated patients had severe hypersensitivity reactions compared to no placebo-treated patients. If hypersensitivity reactions occur, advise patients to promptly seek medical attention and discontinue use of ZEPBOUND.
Do not use in patients with a previous serious hypersensitivity reaction to tirzepatide or any of the excipients in ZEPBOUND. Serious hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis and angioedema, have been reported with GLP-1 receptor agonists. Use caution in patients with a history of angioedema or anaphylaxis with a GLP-1 receptor agonist because it is unknown whether such patients will be predisposed to these reactions with ZEPBOUND.
Hypoglycemia
ZEPBOUND lowers blood glucose and can cause hypoglycemia. In this trial, patients taking ZEPBOUND in combination with an insulin secretagogue (e.g., sulfonylurea) had increased risk of hypoglycemia (10.3%) compared to ZEPBOUND-treated patients not taking a sulfonylurea (2.1%). There is also increased risk of hypoglycemia in patients treated with tirzepatide in combination with insulin.
Hypoglycemia has also been associated with ZEPBOUND and GLP-1 receptor agonists in adults without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Inform patients of the risk of hypoglycemia and educate them on the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. In patients with diabetes mellitus, monitor blood glucose prior to starting ZEPBOUND and during ZEPBOUND treatment.
The risk of hypoglycemia may be lowered by a reduction in the dose of insulin or sulfonylurea (or other concomitantly administered insulin secretagogue).
Diabetic Retinopathy Complications in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Temporary worsening of diabetic retinopathy has been reported with rapid improvement in glucose control. Patients with a history of diabetic retinopathy should be monitored for progression of diabetic retinopathy.
Pulmonary Aspiration During General Anesthesia or Deep Sedation ZEPBOUND delays gastric emptying. There have been rare postmarketing reports of pulmonary aspiration in patients receiving GLP-1 receptor agonists undergoing elective surgeries or procedures requiring general anesthesia or deep sedation who had residual gastric contents despite reported adherence to preoperative fasting recommendations. Available data are insufficient to inform recommendations to mitigate the risk of pulmonary aspiration during general anesthesia or deep sedation in patients taking ZEPBOUND, including whether modifying preoperative fasting recommendations or temporarily discontinuing ZEPBOUND could reduce the incidence of retained gastric contents.
Instruct patients to inform healthcare providers prior to any planned surgeries or procedures if they are taking ZEPBOUND.
Never Share a ZEPBOUND KwikPen Between Patients
Never share ZEPBOUND KwikPen between patients, even if the pen needle is changed. Sharing poses a risk for transmission of blood-borne pathogens.
Drug Interactions with Zepbound
Concomitant Use with Insulin or an Insulin
Secretagogue (e.g., Sulfonylurea) ZEPBOUND lowers blood glucose. When initiating ZEPBOUND, consider reducing the dose of concomitantly administered insulin or insulin secretagogues (e.g., sulfonylureas) to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia.
Oral Medications
ZEPBOUND delays gastric emptying and thereby has the potential to impact the absorption of concomitantly administered oral medications. Caution should be exercised when oral medications are concomitantly administered with ZEPBOUND. Monitor patients on oral medications dependent on threshold concentrations for efficacy and those with a narrow therapeutic index (e.g., warfarin) when concomitantly administered with ZEPBOUND.
Advise patients using oral hormonal contraceptives to switch to a non-oral contraceptive method, or add a barrier method of contraception for 4 weeks after initiation with ZEPBOUND and for 4 weeks after each dose escalation. Hormonal contraceptives that are not administered orally should not be affected.
Pregnancy Safety for Zepbound
Pregnancy Pregnancy Exposure Registry There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to Zepbound (tirzepatide) during pregnancy. Pregnant patients exposed to Zepbound and healthcare providers are encouraged to register by calling 1-844-524-0039 or emailing at [email protected]. To learn more please call or visit https://pregnancyregistry.lilly.com/zepbound.
Risk Summary Weight loss offers no benefit to a pregnant patient and may cause fetal harm. Advise pregnant patients that weight loss is not recommended during pregnancy and to discontinue Zepbound when a pregnancy is recognized (see Clinical Considerations). Available data with tirzepatide in pregnant patients are insufficient to evaluate for a drug-related risk of major birth defects, miscarriage, or other adverse maternal or fetal outcomes.
Based on animal reproduction studies, there may be risks to the fetus from exposure to tirzepatide during pregnancy. In pregnant rats administered tirzepatide during organogenesis, fetal growth reductions and fetal abnormalities occurred at clinical exposure in maternal rats based on AUC. In rabbits administered tirzepatide during organogenesis, fetal growth reductions were observed at clinically relevant exposures based on AUC.
These adverse embryo/fetal effects in animals coincided with pharmacological effects on maternal weight and food consumption (see Data). The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is increased when compared to the general population. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively.
Clinical Considerations Disease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryo/Fetal Risk Appropriate weight gain based on pre-pregnancy weight is currently recommended for all pregnant patients, including those with obesity or overweight, due to the obligatory weight gain that occurs in maternal tissues during pregnancy. Data Animal Data In pregnant rats given twice weekly subcutaneous doses of 0.02, 0.1, and 0.5 mg/kg tirzepatide during organogenesis, increased incidences of external, visceral, and skeletal malformations, increased incidences of visceral and skeletal developmental variations, and decreased fetal weights coincided with pharmacologically-mediated reductions in maternal body weights and food consumption at 0.5 mg/kg. In pregnant rabbits given once weekly subcutaneous doses of 0.01, 0.03, or 0.1 mg/kg tirzepatide (0.01-, 0.06-, and 0.2-fold the MRHD) during organogenesis, pharmacologically mediated effects on the gastrointestinal system resulting in maternal mortality or abortion in a few rabbits occurred at all dose levels.
Reduced fetal weights associated with decreased maternal food consumption and body weights were observed at 0.1 mg/kg.
Pediatric Use of Zepbound
Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of ZEPBOUND have not been established in pediatric patients.
Contraindications for Zepbound
ZEPBOUND is contraindicated in patients with: A personal or family history of MTC or in patients with MEN 2. Known serious hypersensitivity to tirzepatide or any of the excipients in ZEPBOUND. Serious hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis and angioedema, have been reported with tirzepatide.
Overdosage Information for Zepbound
In the event of an overdosage, contact the Poison Help Line (1-800-222-1222) or a medical toxicologist for additional overdosage management recommendations. Appropriate supportive treatment should be initiated according to the patient's clinical signs and symptoms. A period of observation and treatment for these symptoms may be necessary, taking into account the half-life of tirzepatide of approximately 5 days.
Clinical Studies of Zepbound
Weight Reduction and Long-Term Maintenance Studies in Adults with Obesity or Overweight Weight Reduction in Adults with Obesity or Overweight, with or without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (Study 1 and Study 2) Overview of Study 1 and Study 2 The efficacy of ZEPBOUND for weight reduction in conjunction with a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity was studied in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled fixed-dosage trials (Study 1 and Study 2) in adults aged 18 years and older. In Studies 1 and 2, all patients received a standard lifestyle intervention which included instruction on a reduced-calorie diet (approximately 500 kcal/day deficit) and increased physical activity counseling (recommended minimum of 150 min/week) that began with the first dose of study medication or placebo and continued throughout the trial. Patients also received counseling on behavior modification strategies to adhere to diet and exercise recommendations.
In both trials, weight reduction was assessed after 72 weeks of treatment (at least 52 weeks at maintenance dose). A total of 48% were Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. Mean baseline body weight was 104.8 kg and mean BMI was 38 kg/m 2.
Patients included in the trial had HbA1c 7-10% and were treated with either diet and exercise alone, or any oral anti-hyperglycemic agent except dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors or GLP-1 receptor agonists. Patients who were taking insulin or injectable GLP-1 receptor agonists for type 2 diabetes mellitus were excluded. Patients were randomized in a 1:1:1 ratio to once weekly fixed dosage of ZEPBOUND 10 mg, ZEPBOUND 15 mg, or placebo with an escalation period of up to 20 weeks followed by the maintenance period.
A total of 60% were Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. Mean baseline body weight was 100.7 kg and mean BMI was 36.1 kg/m 2. In both studies, the primary efficacy parameters were mean percent change in body weight and the percentage of patients achieving ≥5% weight reduction from baseline to Week 72 (see Table 2 ).
After 72 weeks of treatment, ZEPBOUND resulted in a statistically significant reduction in body weight compared with placebo, and greater proportions of patients treated with ZEPBOUND 5 mg, 10 mg, and 15 mg achieved at least 5% weight reduction compared to placebo. A reduction in body weight was observed with ZEPBOUND irrespective of age, sex, race, ethnicity, baseline BMI, and glycemic status. One way to interpret this figure is to select a change in body weight of interest on the horizontal axis and note the corresponding proportions of patients (vertical axis) in each treatment group who achieved at least that degree of weight reduction.
Figure 1: Changes in Body Weight (%) from Baseline to Week 72 in Study 1 in Patients with Obesity or Overweight (without Type 2 Diabetes) Note: Based on average percent weight change of each randomized patient within each specific treatment arm from 100 imputed datasets including observed data and imputed data using hybrid approach for missing values. Figure 3: Change from Baseline (%) in Body Weight in Study 1 in Patients with Obesity or Overweight (without Type 2 Diabetes) Note: Displayed results are from the Intent-to-Treat Population. Observed mean value from Week 0 to Week 72, and least-squares mean ± standard error at Week 72 hybrid imputation (HI).
Changes in waist circumference and cardiometabolic parameters with ZEPBOUND are shown in Table 3 for Study 1 and Study 2. Only patients who lost ≥5% body weight during the 12-week intensive lifestyle lead-in period entered the 72-week randomized treatment period. During the intensive lifestyle intervention lead-in period, lifestyle instruction was delivered 8 times over 12 weeks by a dietician or dietician-equivalent, with all patients receiving instruction to exercise for at least 150 minutes per week and to reduce their caloric intake to approximately 1,200 kcal/day (females) or 1,500 kcal/day (males).
ZEPBOUND dosages were escalated over a period of up to 20 weeks to a maximum tolerated dosage (MTD) of 10 mg or 15 mg subcutaneous once weekly. During the randomized treatment period, patients received a standard lifestyle instruction every 12 weeks on reduced-calorie diet (approximately 500 kcal/day deficit) and increased physical activity (recommended minimum of 150 min/week) that began with the first dose of ZEPBOUND or placebo and continued throughout the 72-week treatment period; behavior modification strategies were recommended as needed. A total of 54% were Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.
Results for Study 3 At the end of the 12-week intensive lifestyle intervention lead-in, for patients who subsequently entered the randomized treatment period (n=579), the average body weight loss due to lifestyle was 6.9% (Week -12 to Week 0). Eighty-six percent (86%) of ZEPBOUND-treated patients had a maximum tolerated dosage of 15 mg weekly based on their final dose during the double-blind treatment period. The time course of weight reduction during the lead-in and from Week 0 to Week 72 with ZEPBOUND and placebo are depicted in Figure 5.
Figure 5: Change in Body Weight (%) After 12-Week Intensive Lifestyle Intervention Lead-In Followed by Randomized Treatment and a Standard Lifestyle Intervention (Study 3) in Patients with Obesity or Overweight Note: Displayed results are from the randomized Population. Change from Week -12 is not a primary endpoint in Study 3. The proportions of patients who discontinued study drug after randomization were 21.3% for the ZEPBOUND-treated group and 30.5% for the placebo-treated group.
A greater proportion of patients treated with ZEPBOUND achieved at least weight reduction from Week 0 to Week 72 compared to placebo (see Table 4 ). Table 4: Changes in Body Weight After 12-Week Intensive Lifestyle Intervention Lead-In Followed by Randomized Treatment and a Standard Lifestyle Intervention (Study 3) in Patients with Obesity or Overweight d,e Changes in waist circumference and cardiometabolic parameters are shown in Table 5. Table 5: Changes in Anthropometry and Cardiometabolic Parameters After 12-Week Intensive Lifestyle Intervention Lead-In Followed by Randomized Treatment and a Standard Lifestyle Intervention (Study 3) in Patients with Obesity or Overweight Figure 5 Weight Reduction Following Randomized Withdrawal in Adults with Obesity or Overweight (Study 4) Overview of Study 4 Study 4 (NCT04660643) was an 88-week randomized withdrawal trial in which all patients received open-label ZEPBOUND during a 36-week lead-in period, followed by randomization to either continue ZEPBOUND or switch to placebo for 52 weeks.
During the 36-week open-label ZEPBOUND lead-in period, ZEPBOUND dosages were escalated over a period of up to 20 weeks to an MTD of 10 mg or 15 mg subcutaneous once weekly. After the lead-in period, patients were randomized at Week 36 to continue ZEPBOUND or switch to placebo for 52 weeks. A total of 44% were Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.
After open-label ZEPBOUND treatment, randomized patients (n=670) had an average body weight loss of 20.9% (Week 0 to Week 36). The time course of weight reduction from Week 0 through Week 88 is depicted in Figure 6. Figure 6: Change in Body Weight (%) After 36-Week Open-Label Treatment Followed by Randomized Withdrawal (Study 4) in Patients with Obesity or Overweight Note: Displayed results are from the randomized population.
Change from Week 0 was not a primary endpoint in Study 4. The proportions of patients who discontinued study drug after randomization at Week 36 were 10.4% for the ZEPBOUND-treated group and 17.9% for the placebo-treated group. For Study 4, the primary efficacy parameter was mean percent change in body weight from randomization (Week 36) to Week 88.
After weight loss with ZEPBOUND treatment during the open-label lead-in period (Week 0 to Week 36), continued treatment with ZEPBOUND from randomization (Week 36) to Week 88 resulted in a statistically significant reduction in body weight compared with placebo (see Table 6 ). Table 6: Changes in Body Weight After 36-Week Open-Label Treatment Followed by Randomized Withdrawal (Study 4) in Patients with Obesity or Overweight Changes in waist circumference and cardiometabolic parameters in Study 4 are shown in Table 7. Table 7: Mean Changes in Anthropometry and Cardiometabolic Parameters After 36-Week Open-Label Treatment Followed by Randomized Withdrawal (Study 4) in Patients with Obesity or Overweight Obstructive Sleep Apnea Studies in Adults with Obesity Overview of Study 5 and Study 6 The efficacy of ZEPBOUND for moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (apnea-hypopnea index ≥15) in patients with obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 ) was evaluated in a master protocol clinical trial (NCT05412004) that included two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (Study 5 and Study 6) of 52 weeks duration.
The two trials enrolled a total of 469 adult patients. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were excluded and all patients received instruction on a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity counseling throughout the study. Study 5 enrolled 234 adult patients with moderate to severe OSA and obesity who were unable or unwilling to use Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) therapy.
A total of 42% were Hispanic or Latino ethnicity. Study 6 enrolled 235 adult patients with moderate to severe OSA and obesity who were on PAP therapy. A total of 32% were Hispanic or Latino ethnicity.
Table 8 describes the baseline disease characteristics of patients in Studies 5 and 6. Patients in Study 5 were unable or unwilling to use PAP therapy, and patients in Study 6 were on PAP therapy and instructed to suspend PAP for 7 days prior to assessment of the primary endpoint. The clinical studies for OSA did not evaluate the timing or appropriateness of PAP discontinuation in patients who were previously compliant with PAP therapy.
In Studies 5 and 6, treatment with ZEPBOUND for 52 weeks resulted in a statistically significant reduction in AHI compared with placebo, and greater proportions of patients treated with ZEPBOUND achieved remission or mild non-symptomatic OSA compared to placebo. Table 9 provides the efficacy results for Studies 5 and 6. A reduction in AHI was observed with ZEPBOUND irrespective of age, sex, ethnicity, baseline BMI, or baseline OSA severity.
In both Studies 5 and 6, patients treated with ZEPBOUND achieved a greater reduction in systolic blood pressure and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels compared to placebo. Table 9: Changes in Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI), Hypoxic Burden, and The time course of change in AHI with ZEPBOUND and placebo from baseline through Week 52 are shown in Figure 7 for Study 5. Similar results were demonstrated for Study 6.
Figure 7: Change from Baseline in Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) Through Week 52 (Study 5) Abbreviations: AHI = Apnea-Hypopnea Index; ANCOVA = analysis of covariance; MI = multiple imputation; MTD = maximum tolerated dose. Observed mean value from Week 0 through Week 52, and least squares mean ± standard error at Week 52 from ANCOVA adjusted for baseline values and stratification factors, with multiple imputation of missing data. Figure 7 Sleep-Related Impairment In OSA clinical studies (Study 5 and Study 6), ZEPBOUND-treated patients showed improvement in sleep-related impairment compared to those who received placebo.
Sleep-related impairment was assessed using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System ® (PROMIS) Short Form Sleep-Related Impairment 8a.
| Abbreviations: ANCOVA = analysis of covariance; CI = confidence interval; N = number of patients randomly assigned to study drug. | |||||||
| a The intention-to-treat population includes all randomly assigned patients. For Study 1 at Week 72, body weight was missing for 21.6%, 10.2%, 10.5%, and 9.4% of patients randomly assigned to placebo, ZEPBOUND 5 mg, 10 mg, and 15 mg, respectively. For Study 2 at Week 72, body weight was missing for 11.1%, 4.8%, and 8.4% of patients randomly assigned to placebo, ZEPBOUND 10 mg, and 15 mg, respectively. The missing values were imputed by a hybrid approach using retrieved dropouts from the same treatment group (if missing not due to COVID-19) or using all non-missing data assuming missing at random (for missing solely due to COVID-19). | |||||||
| b Least-squares mean from ANCOVA adjusted for baseline value and other stratification factors. | |||||||
| c Analyzed using logistic regression adjusted for baseline value. | |||||||
| d p-value<0.001 (unadjusted 2-sided) for superiority, controlled for type I error rate. | |||||||
| e Not controlled for type I error rate. | |||||||
| Study 1 | Study 2 | ||||||
| Intention-to-Treat (ITT) Population a | Placebo N = 643 | ZEPBOUND 5 mg N = 630 | ZEPBOUND 10 mg N = 636 | ZEPBOUND 15 mg N = 630 | Placebo N = 315 | ZEPBOUND 10 mg N = 312 | ZEPBOUND 15 mg N = 311 |
| Body Weight | |||||||
| Baseline mean (kg) | 104.8 | 102.9 | 105.8 | 105.6 | 101.7 | 100.9 | 99.6 |
| % Change from baseline b | -3.1 | -15.0 | -19.5 | -20.9 | -3.2 | -12.8 | -14.7 |
| % Difference from placebo b (95% CI) | -11.9 (-13.4, -10.4) d | -16.4 (-17.9, -14.8) d | -17.8 (-19.3, -16.3) d | -9.6 (-11.1, -8.1) d | -11.6 (-13.0, -10.1) d | ||
| % of Patients losing ≥5% body weight | 34.5 | 85.1 | 88.9 | 90.9 | 32.5 | 79.2 | 82.8 |
| % Difference from placebo (95% CI) | 50.3 (44.3, 56.2) c,d | 54.6 (49.1, 60.0) c,d | 56.4 (50.9, 62.0) c,d | 46.8 (39.5, 54.1) c,d | 50.4 (43.1, 57.8) c,d | ||
| % of Patients losing ≥10% body weight | 18.8 | 68.5 | 78.1 | 83.5 | 9.5 | 60.5 | 64.8 |
| % Difference from placebo (95% CI) | 49.3 (43.6, 54.9) c,e | 59.5 (54.2, 64.9) c,d | 64.8 (59.6, 70.1) c,d | 51.0 (44.4, 57.7) c,d | 55.3 (48.6, 62.0) c,d | ||
| % of Patients losing ≥15% body weight | 8.8 | 48.0 | 66.6 | 70.6 | 2.7 | 39.7 | 48.0 |
| % Difference from placebo (95% CI) | 38.7 (33.6, 43.7) c,e | 58.1 (53.2, 63.0) c,d | 62.0 (57.2, 66.8) c,d | 37.0 (31.1, 42.9) c,d | 45.4 (39.4, 51.4) c,d | ||
| % of Patients losing ≥20% body weight | 3.1 | 30.0 | 50.1 | 56.7 | 1.0 | 21.5 | 30.8 |
| % Difference from placebo (95% CI) | 26.6 (22.4, 30.7) c,e | 47.3 (42.7, 51.9) c,d | 53.8 (49.3, 58.3) c,d | 20.5 (15.7, 25.4) c,d | 29.7 (24.3, 35.0) c,d | ||
| Abbreviations: ANCOVA = analysis of covariance; CI = confidence interval; N = number of patients randomly assigned to study drug. | |||||||
| a The intention-to-treat population includes all randomly assigned patients. The missing values were imputed by a hybrid approach using retrieved dropouts from the same treatment group (if missing not due to COVID-19) or using all non-missing data assuming missing at random (for missing solely due to COVID-19). | |||||||
| b Least-squares mean from ANCOVA adjusted for baseline value and other stratification factors. | |||||||
| c Analyzed using log-transformed data. | |||||||
| d p-value<0.001 (unadjusted 2-sided) for superiority, controlled for type I error rate. | |||||||
| e Not controlled for type I error rate. | |||||||
| f Least-squares mean from mixed model for repeated measures adjusted for baseline value and other stratification factors. | |||||||
| g Baseline value is the geometric mean. | |||||||
| Study 1 | Study 2 | ||||||
| Intention-to-Treat (ITT) Population a | Placebo N = 643 | ZEPBOUND 5 mg N = 630 | ZEPBOUND 10 mg N = 636 | ZEPBOUND 15 mg N = 630 | Placebo N = 315 | ZEPBOUND 10 mg N = 312 | ZEPBOUND 15 mg N = 311 |
| Waist Circumference (cm) | |||||||
| Baseline mean | 114.0 | 113.2 | 114.8 | 114.4 | 116.0 | 114.2 | 114.6 |
| Change from baseline b | -4.0 | -14.0 | -17.7 | -18.5 | -3.3 | -10.8 | -13.1 |
| Difference from placebo b (95% CI) | -10.1 (-11.6, -8.6) e | -13.8 (-15.2, -12.3) d | -14.5 (-15.9, -13.0) d | -7.4 (-9.0, -5.9) d | -9.8 (-11.2, -8.3) d | ||
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | |||||||
| Baseline mean | 122.9 | 123.6 | 123.8 | 123.0 | 131.0 | 130.6 | 130.0 |
| Change from baseline b | -1.0 | -6.6 | -7.7 | -7.4 | -1.2 | -5.6 | -7.1 |
| Difference from placebo b (95% CI) | -5.6 (-7.2, -3.9) e | -6.7 (-8.4, -5.0) e | -6.4 (-8.0, -4.8) e | -4.4 (-6.7, -2.1) e | -5.9 (-8.3, -3.6) e | ||
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) | |||||||
| Baseline mean | 79.6 | 79.3 | 79.9 | 79.3 | 79.4 | 80.2 | 79.7 |
| Change from baseline b | -0.8 | -4.9 | -5.0 | -4.5 | -0.3 | -2.1 | -2.9 |
| Difference from placebo b (95% CI) | -4.1 (-5.2, -3.0) e | -4.2 (-5.3, -3.0) e | -3.7 (-4.8, -2.7) e | -1.8 (-3.3, -0.4) e | -2.7 (-4.2, -1.2) e | ||
| Pulse Rate (beats per minute) | |||||||
| Baseline mean | 72.9 | 72.4 | 71.8 | 72.4 | 74.8 | 75.9 | 75.6 |
| Change from baseline f | 0.1 | 0.6 | 2.3 | 2.6 | -0.5 | 0.6 | 1.0 |
| Difference from placebo f (95% CI) | 0.5 (-0.5, 1.5) e | 2.2 (1.2, 3.2) e | 2.5 (1.5, 3.4) e | 1.2 (-0.1, 2.5) e | 1.5 (0.2, 2.8) e | ||
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) | |||||||
| Baseline mean g | 187.5 | 187.1 | 190.6 | 187.5 | 174.9 | 173.9 | 167.0 |
| % change from baseline b | -1.8 | -3.8 | -4.4 | -6.3 | 2.8 | -2.8 | -1.0 |
| Relative difference from placebo b (95% CI) | -2.1 (-4.5, 0.4) c,e | -2.7 (-5.1, -0.2) c,e | -4.6 (-6.8, -2.2) c,e | -5.5 (-8.7, -2.2) c,e | -3.8 (-7.1, -0.3) c,e | ||
| LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | |||||||
| Baseline mean g | 109.4 | 108.7 | 112.3 | 109.3 | 92.4 | 90.5 | 85.7 |
| % change from baseline b | -1.7 | -4.6 | -5.6 | -7.1 | 7.4 | 1.8 | 4.1 |
| Relative difference from placebo b (95% CI) | -2.9 (-6.6, 0.9) c,e | -4.0 (-7.5, -0.5) c,e | -5.5 (-8.9, -2.0) c,e | -5.2 (-10.1, 0.1) c,e | -3.0 (-8.4, 2.6) c,e | ||
| HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | |||||||
| Baseline mean g | 46.6 | 47.6 | 47.6 | 47.6 | 42.7 | 43.8 | 42.2 |
| % change from baseline b | -0.7 | 6.9 | 9.2 | 8.0 | 0.2 | 8.2 | 9.7 |
| Relative difference from placebo b (95% CI) | 7.7 (4.6, 10.8) c,e | 9.9 (6.7, 13.2) c,e | 8.7 (5.7, 11.8) c,e | 8.0 (4.2, 11.8) c,e | 9.5 (5.6, 13.5) c,e | ||
| Non-HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) | |||||||
| Baseline mean g | 138.3 | 137.0 | 140.4 | 137.5 | 129.6 | 127.2 | 121.9 |
| % change from baseline b | -2.3 | -8.0 | -9.4 | -11.7 | 3.7 | -6.6 | -5.2 |
| Relative difference from placebo b (95% CI) | -5.8 (-8.9, -2.6) c,e | -7.2 (-10.3, -4.1) c,e | -9.6 (-12.4, -6.6) c,e | -9.9 (-14.1, -5.6) c,e | -8.5 (-12.9, -4.0) c,e | ||
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | |||||||
| Baseline mean g | 130.8 | 128.7 | 125.7 | 128.1 | 165.0 | 158.8 | 158.5 |
| % change from baseline b | -5.6 | -21.2 | -23.8 | -29.1 | -3.3 | -27.1 | -27.3 |
| Relative difference from placebo b (95% CI) | -16.5 (-21.2, -11.4) c,e | -19.3 (-23.9, -14.4) c,e | -24.9 (-29.1, -20.4) c,e | -24.6 (-30.0, -18.7) c,e | -24.8 (-30.3, -18.9) c,e | ||
| HbA1c (%) | |||||||
| Baseline mean | 5.6 | 5.6 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 8.0 | 8.0 | 8.1 |
| Change from baseline b | -0.1 | -0.4 | -0.4 | -0.4 | -0.5 | -2.1 | -2.1 |
| Difference from placebo b (95% CI) | -0.3 (-0.3, -0.2) e | -0.4 (-0.4, -0.3) e | -0.4 (-0.4, -0.3) e | -1.6 (-1.7, -1.4) d | -1.6 (-1.8, -1.4) d | ||
| Abbreviations: ANCOVA = analysis of covariance; CI = confidence interval; MTD = maximum tolerated dose; N = number of patients randomly assigned to study drug. | ||
| a The intent-to-treat population included only randomized patients with ≥5% weight loss at Week 0 after 12 weeks of intensive lifestyle intervention. During the 12-week lead-in period, 227 of 806 patients (28.2%) discontinued from the study. Of these 141 (17.5%) discontinued due to not achieving the randomization criteria of ≥5% weight reduction. | ||
| b The intent-to-treat population includes all randomly assigned patients. For Study 3 at Week 72, body weight was missing for 23.6% and 8.7% of patients randomly assigned to placebo and ZEPBOUND MTD (10 or 15 mg). The missing values were imputed by a hybrid approach using retrieved dropouts from the same treatment group (if missing not due to COVID-19) or using all non-missing data assuming missing at random (for missing solely due to COVID-19). | ||
| c Least-squares mean from ANCOVA adjusted for baseline value and other stratification factors. | ||
| d Analyzed using logistic regression adjusted for baseline value. | ||
| e p-value<0.001 (unadjusted 2-sided) for superiority, controlled for type I error rate. | ||
| Study 3 N = 579 a | ||
| Body Weight | ||
| Mean (kg) at Week -12 | 109.5 | |
| Intention-to-Treat (ITT) Population a,b | Placebo N = 292 | ZEPBOUND MTD (10 mg or 15 mg) N = 287 |
| Body Weight | ||
| Mean (kg) at Week 0 | 101.3 | 102.5 |
| % Change from randomization at Week 72 c | 2.5 | -18.4 |
| % Difference from placebo, at Week 72 c (95% CI) | -20.8 (-23.2, -18.5) e | |
| % of Patients losing ≥5% body weight | 16.5 | 87.5 |
| % Difference from placebo (95% CI) | 71.1 (63.6, 78.5) d,e | |
| % of Patients losing ≥10% body weight | 8.9 | 76.7 |
| % Difference from placebo (95% CI) | 67.9 (60.7, 75.1) d,e | |
| % of Patients losing ≥15% body weight | 4.2 | 65.4 |
| % Difference from placebo (95% CI) | 61.3 (54.5, 68.1) d,e | |
| % of Patients losing ≥20% body weight | 2.2 | 44.7 |
| % Difference from placebo (95% CI) | 42.6 (36.0, 49.1) d,e | |
| Abbreviations: ANCOVA = analysis of covariance; CI = confidence interval; N = number of patients randomly assigned to study drug. | |||||||
| a The intent-to-treat population included all randomly assigned patients. The missing values were imputed by a hybrid approach using retrieved dropouts from the same treatment group (if missing not due to COVID-19) or using all non-missing data assuming missing at random (for missing solely due to COVID-19). | |||||||
| b Least-squares mean from ANCOVA adjusted for baseline value and other stratification factors. | |||||||
| c Analyzed using log-transformed data. | |||||||
| d p-value<0.001 (unadjusted 2-sided) for superiority, controlled for type I error rate. | |||||||
| e Not controlled for type I error rate. | |||||||
| f Least-squares mean from mixed model for repeated measures adjusted for baseline value and other stratification factors. | |||||||
| g Baseline and randomization values are the geometric mean. | |||||||
| h Observed means are shown for change from Week -12 to Week 0. Least-square means are shown for change from Week 0 to Week 72. | |||||||
| Intention-to-Treat (ITT) Population a | All Randomized Patients N=579 | Placebo N=292 | ZEPBOUND MTD (10 mg or 15 mg) N=287 | ||||
| Baseline (Week - 12) | Change from Week - 12 to Week 0 | Randomization (Week 0) | Change from Week 0 to Week 72 | Randomization (Week 0) | Change from Week 0 to Week 72 | Difference from placebo, Week 0 to Week 72 (95% CI) | |
| Waist circumference (cm) h | 116.1 | -6.7 | 109.6 | 0.2 b | 109.3 | -14.6 b | -14.8 b (-17.2, -12.5) d |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) h | 126.2 | -5.0 | 120.8 | 3.5 b | 121.7 | -5.1 b | -8.6 b (-11.3, -6.0) e |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) h | 81.7 | -2.9 | 78.3 | 2.1 b | 79.3 | -3.2 b | -5.3 b (-6.9, -3.7) e |
| Pulse Rate (beats per minute) h | 73.0 | -1.6 | 70.7 | 0.9 f | 72.2 | 2.7 f | 1.8 f (0.3, 3.4) e |
| HbA1c (%) h | 5.5 | -0.1 | 5.4 | 0.0 b | 5.3 | -0.4 b | -0.4 b (-0.5, -0.3) e |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) g,h | 190.2 | -8.6 | 181.6 | 4.3 | 181.7 | -2.4 | -6.4 b (-9.0, -3.6) c,e |
| LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) g,h | 111.6 | -3.5 | 107.5 | 4.4 | 108.0 | -5.6 | -9.6 b (-13.7, -5.4) c,e |
| HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) g,h | 48.4 | -1.2 | 47.8 | 5.4 | 46.9 | 15.2 | 9.3 b (4.5, 14.2) c,e |
| Non-HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) g,h | 139.2 | -7.4 | 131.5 | 4.4 | 132.4 | -8.8 | -12.6 b (-15.9, -9.3) c,e |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) g,h | 123.1 | -19.8 | 108.8 | 2.1 | 111.7 | -23.5 | -25.1 b (-30.9, -18.9) c,e |
| Abbreviations: ANCOVA = analysis of covariance; CI = confidence interval; MTD = maximum tolerated dose; N = number of patients randomly assigned to study drug. | ||
| a The intent-to-treat population included all randomly assigned patients and did not include 113 patients who were enrolled but not randomized. At Week 88, body weight was missing for 13.7% and 7.5% of patients randomly assigned to placebo and ZEPBOUND MTD (10 or 15 mg), respectively. The missing values were imputed by a hybrid approach using retrieved dropouts from the same treatment group (if missing not due to COVID-19) or using all non-missing data assuming missing at random (for missing solely due to COVID-19). | ||
| b Least-squares mean from ANCOVA adjusted for baseline value and other stratification factors. | ||
| c p-value<0.001 (unadjusted 2-sided) for superiority, controlled for type I error rate. | ||
| Study 4 N=670 a | ||
| Body Weight | ||
| Mean at Week 0 (kg) | 107.3 | |
| Intention-to-Treat (ITT) Population a | Placebo N=335 | ZEPBOUND (MTD 10 mg or 15 mg) N=335 |
| Body Weight | ||
| Mean at Week 36 (kg) | 85.8 | 84.6 |
| % change from Week 36 at Week 88 b | 14.0 | -5.5 |
| % difference from placebo at Week 88 (95% CI) b | -19.4 (-21.2, -17.7) c | |
| Abbreviations: ANCOVA = analysis of covariance; CI = confidence interval; N = number of patients randomly assigned to study drug. | |||||||
| a The intent-to-treat population included all randomly assigned patients. The missing values were imputed by a hybrid approach using retrieved dropouts from the same treatment group (if missing not due to COVID-19) or using all non-missing data assuming missing at random (for missing solely due to COVID-19). | |||||||
| b Least-squares mean from ANCOVA adjusted for baseline value and other stratification factors. | |||||||
| c Analyzed using log-transformed data. | |||||||
| d p-value<0.001 (unadjusted 2-sided) for superiority, controlled for type I error rate. | |||||||
| e Not controlled for type I error rate. | |||||||
| f Least-squares mean from mixed model for repeated measures adjusted for baseline value and other stratification factors. | |||||||
| g Baseline and randomization values are the geometric mean. | |||||||
| h Observed means are shown for change from Week 0 to Week 36. Least-square means are shown for change from Week 36 to Week 88. | |||||||
| Intention-to-Treat (ITT) Population a | All Randomized Patients N=670 | Placebo N=335 | ZEPBOUND MTD (10 mg or 15 mg) N=335 | ||||
| Baseline (Week 0) | Change from Week 0 to Week 36 | Randomization (Week 36) | Change from Week 36 to Week 88 | Randomization (Week 36) | Change from Week 36 to Week 88 | Difference from placebo, Week 36 to Week 88 (95% CI) | |
| Waist circumference (cm) h | 115.2 | -17.8 | 98.2 | 7.8 b | 96.8 | -4.3 b | -12.1 b (-13.5, -10.6) d |
| Systolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) h | 126.1 | -11.2 | 114.8 | 8.2 b | 115.0 | 2.0 b | -6.2 b (-8.2, -4.3) e |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure (mmHg) h | 80.9 | -5.1 | 76.2 | 3.2 b | 75.4 | -0.7 b | -3.8 b (-5.2, -2.4) e |
| Pulse Rate (beats per minute) h | 72.5 | 5.0 | 77.8 | -5.2 f | 77.1 | -2.1 f | 3.1 f (1.9, 4.3) e |
| HbA1c (%) h | 5.5 | -0.5 | 5.0 | 0.3 b | 5.1 | -0.0 b | -0.3 b (-0.3, -0.2) e |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dL) g,h | 188.3 | -12.4 | 176.1 | 8.0 | 175.9 | 2.7 | -4.9 b (-7.4, -2.4) c,e |
| LDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) g,h | 108.6 | -1.9 | 107.6 | 3.2 | 105.9 | -3.5 | -6.5 b (-10.0, -2.9) c,e |
| HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) g,h | 49.9 | -2.7 | 47.3 | 14.8 | 47.7 | 18.7 | 3.4 b (0.2, 6.6) c,e |
| Non-HDL Cholesterol (mg/dL) g,h | 135.8 | -9.8 | 126.3 | 5.1 | 126.0 | -3.4 | -8.1 b (-11.3, -4.8) c,e |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) g,h | 121.4 | -40.4 | 85.5 | 13.5 | 90.9 | -4.8 | -16.1 b (-21.7, -10.0) c,e |
| Abbreviations: AHI = Apnea-Hypopnea Index; BMI = body-mass index; ESS = Epworth Sleepiness Score; OSA = obstructive sleep apnea; SD = standard deviation. | ||
| a Moderate OSA was defined as an AHI ≥15 – 30 events/hour on polysomnogram at baseline. | ||
| b Severe OSA was defined as an AHI ≥30 events/hour on polysomnogram at baseline. | ||
| Study 5 (N=234) | Study 6 (N=235) | |
| Baseline AHI (events/hour), mean (SD) | 51.5 (31) | 49.5 (26.7) |
| Moderate OSA, % a | 35.2 | 30.9 |
| Severe OSA, % b | 63.1 | 68.2 |
| ESS Total, mean (SD) | 10.5 (5.2) | 10 (4.6) |
| Total Hypoxic Burden (% min/hour), mean (SD) | 208.4 (189.1) | 193 (174.6) |
| BMI (kg/m 2 ), mean (SD) | 39.1 (7) | 38.7 (6) |
| Pre-diabetes, % | 65 | 56.6 |
| Hypertension, % | 75.6 | 77.4 |
| Cardiac disorders, % | 10.3 | 11.1 |
| Dyslipidemia, % | 80.8 | 83.8 |
| Abbreviations: AHI = Apnea-Hypopnea Index; ANCOVA = analysis of covariance; CI = confidence interval; ESS = Epworth Sleepiness Scale; h = hour; MTD = maximum tolerated dose; N = number of participants randomly assigned and received at least 1 dose of study drug. | ||||
| a Analyses were based on the modified intent-to-treat population which was defined as randomly assigned participants who were exposed to at least 1 dose of study intervention; two participants in Study 6 were randomized but did not receive study drug. | ||||
| b Least-squares mean from ANCOVA adjusted for baseline values and stratification factors, with multiple imputation for missing data at Week 52. | ||||
| c Analyzed using log transformed data. | ||||
| d Calculated by combining proportion of participants achieving target in imputed datasets. | ||||
| e p-value <0.001 (unadjusted 2-sided) for superiority, controlled for multiplicity. | ||||
| f Baseline value is the geometric mean. | ||||
| Modified Intent-to-Treat (mITT) Population a | Study 5 | Study 6 | ||
| Placebo N = 120 | ZEPBOUND MTD (10 mg or 15 mg) N = 114 | Placebo N = 114 | ZEPBOUND MTD (10 mg or 15 mg) N = 119 | |
| AHI (events/hr) | ||||
| Baseline mean | 50.1 | 52.9 | 53.1 | 46.1 |
| Change from baseline b | -5.3 | -25.3 | -5.5 | -29.3 |
| Difference from placebo b (95% CI) | -20 (-25.8, -14.2) e | -23.8 (-29.6, -17.9) e | ||
| % change in AHI | ||||
| % change from baseline b | -3 | -50.7 | -2.5 | -58.7 |
| % difference from placebo b (95% CI) | -47.7 (-65.8, -29.6) e | -56.2 (-73.7, -38.7) e | ||
| % of patients with ≥50% reduction in AHI d | 19 | 61.2 | 23.3 | 72.4 |
| % difference from placebo (95% CI) | 42.8 (30.8, 54.8) e | 48.6 (36.6, 60.7) e | ||
| Remission or mild non-symptomatic OSA | ||||
| % of Patients with AHI <5 or AHI 5-14 and ESS≤10 d | 15.9 | 42.2 | 14.3 | 50.2 |
| % difference from placebo (95% CI) | 28.7 (18.3, 39.2) e | 33.2 (22.1, 44.3) e | ||
| Sleep apnea-specific hypoxic burden (% min/h) | ||||
| Baseline mean f | 137.8 | 153.6 | 142.1 | 132.2 |
| Change from baseline b | -25.1 | -95.2 | -41.7 | -103 |
| Difference from placebo b (95% CI) | -70.1 (-90.9, -49.3) c,e | -61.3 (-84.7, -37.9) c,e | ||
| Body weight (kg) | ||||
| Baseline mean | 112.8 | 116.7 | 115.1 | 115.8 |
| % change from baseline b | -1.6 | -17.7 | -2.3 | -19.6 |
| % difference from placebo b (95% CI) | -16.1 (-18, -14.2) e | -17.3 (-19.3, -15.3) e | ||
Drug information sourced from the FDA. This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional before making any medication decisions.
Ready to save on Zepbound?
Compare prescription prices at over 70,000 pharmacies and start saving today—no enrollment required.
Compare Zepbound Prices