Toujeo Drug Information

is indicated to improve glycemic control in adults and pediatric patients 6 years of age and older with diabetes mellitus. TOUJEO is a long-acting human insulin analog indicated to improve glycemic control in adults and pediatric patients 6 years and older with diabetes mellitus. Limitations of Use : Not recommended for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis.

Limitations of Use: TOUJEO is not recommended for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis.

Important

Administration Instructions Always check insulin labels before administration . Visually inspect the TOUJEO solution for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration and only use if the solution is clear and colorless with no visible particles. Inject TOUJEO subcutaneously into the abdominal area, thigh, or deltoid. Rotate injection sites within the same region from one injection to the next to reduce the risk of lipodystrophy and localized cutaneous amyloidosis.

Do not inject into areas of lipodystrophy or localized cutaneous amyloidosis . Use TOUJEO with caution in patients with visual impairment who may rely on audible clicks to dial their dose. Do not administer TOUJEO intravenously or in an insulin pump. Do not dilute or mix TOUJEO with any other insulin products or solutions.

Never transfer TOUJEO from the cartridges of the TOUJEO SoloStar or TOUJEO Max SoloStar prefilled pen into a syringe for administration .

General Dosing Instructions

TOUJEO is available in 2 single-patient-use prefilled pens: TOUJEO SoloStar contains 450 units of TOUJEO U-300. It delivers doses in 1-unit increments and can deliver up to 80 units in a single injection. TOUJEO Max SoloStar contains 900 units of TOUJEO U-300. It delivers doses in 2-unit increments and can deliver up to 160 units in a single injection. It is recommended for patients requiring at least 20 units per day.

When changing between TOUJEO SoloStar and TOUJEO Max SoloStar, if the patient's previous dose was an odd number, the dose should be increased or decreased by 1 unit to match the dose increments dialable on each prefilled pen. The dose counter of the TOUJEO SoloStar or TOUJEO Max SoloStar prefilled pen shows the number of units of TOUJEO to be injected and no conversion is required. Inject TOUJEO subcutaneously once a day at the same time of day.

During changes to a patient's insulin regimen, increase the frequency of blood glucose monitoring . Individualize and titrate the dosage of TOUJEO based on the patient's metabolic needs, blood glucose monitoring results, and glycemic control goal. Titrate the dose of TOUJEO no more frequently than every 3 to 4 days. Dosage adjustments may be needed with changes in physical activity, changes in meal patterns (i.e., macronutrient content or timing of food intake), changes in renal or hepatic function or during acute illness to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia .

Starting Dose in Insulin-Naive Pediatric and Adult Patients Recommended Starting Dosage in

Patients with Type 1 Diabetes The recommended starting dose of TOUJEO in insulin-naive patients with type 1 diabetes is approximately one-third to one-half of the total daily insulin dose. The remainder of the total daily insulin dose should be given as a short-acting insulin and divided between each daily meal. As a general rule, 0.2 to 0.4 units of insulin per kilogram of body weight can be used to calculate the initial total daily insulin dose in insulin-naive patients with type 1 diabetes.

The maximum glucose lowering effect of a dose of TOUJEO may take five days to fully manifest and the first TOUJEO dose may be insufficient to cover metabolic needs in the first 24 hours of use . When initiating TOUJEO, monitor glucose daily. Recommended Starting Dosage in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes The recommended starting dose of TOUJEO in insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes is 0.2 units per kilogram of body weight once daily.

Starting Dose in Pediatric and Adult Patients with Either Type 1 or

Type 2 Diabetes Already on Insulin Therapy Dosage adjustments are recommended to lower the risk of hypoglycemia when switching patients to TOUJEO from another insulin therapy. For patients currently on once-daily long or intermediate-acting insulin, start TOUJEO at the same unit dose as the once-daily long-acting insulin dose. For patients controlled on LANTUS (insulin glargine, 100 units/mL), expect that a higher daily dose of TOUJEO will be needed to maintain the same level of glycemic control . For patients currently on twice-daily long or intermediate-acting insulin, start TOUJEO at 80% of the total daily NPH or insulin detemir twice-daily dosage.

When switching patients to TOUJEO, monitor glucose frequently in the first weeks of therapy .

Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates actually observed in clinical practice. The data in Table 1 reflect the exposure of 304 patients with type 1 diabetes to TOUJEO with mean exposure duration of 23 weeks. The type 1 diabetes population had the following characteristics: Mean age was 46 years and mean duration of diabetes was 21 years.

Fifty-five percent were male, 86% were Caucasian, 5% were Black or African American, and 5% were Hispanic. At baseline, the mean eGFR was 82 mL/min/1.73 m 2 and 35% of patients had eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m 2. The mean BMI was 28 kg/m 2. HbA1c at baseline was greater than or equal to 8% in 58% of patients. The data in Table 2 reflect the exposure of 1242 patients with type 2 diabetes to TOUJEO with mean exposure duration of 25 weeks.

The type 2 diabetes population had the following characteristics: Mean age was 59 years and mean duration of diabetes was 13 years. Fifty-three percent were male, 88% were Caucasian, 7% were Black or African American, and 17% were Hispanic. At baseline, mean eGFR was 79 mL/min/1.73 m 2 and 27% of patients had an eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m 2. The mean BMI was 35 kg/m 2. HbA1c at baseline was greater than or equal to 8% in 66% of patients.

TOUJEO was studied in 233 pediatric patients (6–17 years of age) with type 1 diabetes for a mean duration of 26 weeks . Common adverse reactions (occurring ≥5%) in TOUJEO-treated subjects during clinical trials in adult patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes mellitus are listed in Table 1 and Table 2, respectively. Common adverse reactions for TOUJEO-treated pediatric subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus were similar to the adverse reactions listed in Table 1. Hypoglycemia is discussed in a dedicated subsection below. Table 1: Adverse Reactions Occurring ≥5% in Two Pooled Clinical Trials of 26 Weeks and 16 Weeks Duration in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes TOUJEO + Mealtime Insulin "mealtime insulin" refers to insulin glulisine, insulin lispro, or insulin aspart., % (n=304) Nasopharyngitis

Upper respiratory tract infection 9.5 Table 2: Adverse Reactions Occurring ≥5% in

Three Pooled Clinical Trials of 26 Weeks Duration in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes TOUJEO one of the trials in type 2 diabetes included mealtime insulin., % (n=1242) Nasopharyngitis

Upper respiratory tract infection 5.7 Hypoglycemia Hypoglycemia is the most commonly observed

adverse reaction in patients treated with TOUJEO. The rates of reported hypoglycemia depend on the definition of hypoglycemia used, diabetes type, insulin dose, intensity of glucose control, background therapies, and other intrinsic and extrinsic patient factors. For these reasons, comparing rates of hypoglycemia in clinical trials for TOUJEO with the incidence of hypoglycemia for other products may be misleading and also may not be representative of hypoglycemia rates that will occur in clinical practice. In the TOUJEO adult program, severe hypoglycemia was defined as an event requiring assistance of another person to administer a resuscitative action.

In the pediatric program, severe hypoglycemia was defined as an event with semiconsciousness, unconsciousness, coma and/or convulsions in a patient who had altered mental status and could not assist in his own care, and who may have required glucagon or intravenous glucose. The incidence of severe hypoglycemia in adult patients with type 1 diabetes receiving TOUJEO as part of a multiple daily injection regimen was 6.6% at 26 weeks. The incidence of hypoglycemia with a glucose level less than 54 mg/dL with or without symptoms was 77.7% at 26 weeks.

The incidence of severe hypoglycemia in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes receiving TOUJEO as part of a multiple daily injection regimen was 6% at 26 weeks and the incidence of hypoglycemia accompanied by a self-monitored or plasma glucose value less than 54 mg/dL regardless of symptoms was 80.3%. The incidence of severe hypoglycemia in adult patients with type 2 diabetes was 5% at 26 weeks in patients receiving TOUJEO as part of a multiple daily injection regimen, and 1.0% and 0.9% respectively at 26 weeks in the two studies where patients received TOUJEO as part of a basal-insulin only regimen. The incidence of hypoglycemia accompanied by a self-monitored or plasma glucose value less than 54 mg/dL regardless of symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving TOUJEO ranged from 9% to 44.6% at 26 weeks and the highest risk was again seen in patients receiving TOUJEO as part of a multiple daily injection regimen. Insulin Initiation and Intensification of Glucose Control Intensification or rapid improvement in glucose control has been associated with a transitory, reversible ophthalmologic refraction disorder, worsening of diabetic retinopathy, and acute painful peripheral neuropathy.

However, long-term glycemic control decreases the risk of diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy. Peripheral Edema Insulin, including TOUJEO, may cause sodium retention and edema, particularly if previously poor metabolic control was improved by intensified insulin therapy. Lipodystrophy Long-term use of insulin, including TOUJEO, can cause lipoatrophy (depression in the skin) or lipohypertrophy (enlargement or thickening of tissue) in some patients and may affect insulin absorption . Weight Gain Weight gain has occurred with insulins including TOUJEO and has been attributed to the anabolic effects of insulin and the decrease in glucosuria.

Hypersensitivity Reactions Patients taking TOUJEO experienced erythema, local edema, and pruritus at the site of injection. These conditions were usually self-limiting. Severe cases of generalized allergy (anaphylaxis) have been reported.

Immunogenicity As with all therapeutic proteins, there is potential for immunogenicity.

In a 6-month study of type 1 diabetes patients, 79% of patients who received TOUJEO once daily were positive for anti-insulin antibodies (AIA) at least once during the study, including 62% that were positive at baseline and 44% of patients who developed antidrug antibody (i.e., anti-insulin glargine antibody ) during the study. Eighty percent of the AIA-positive patients on TOUJEO with antibody test at baseline remained AIA positive at month 6. In two 6-month studies in type 2 diabetes patients, 25% of patients who received TOUJEO once daily were positive for AIA at least once during the study, including 42% who were positive at baseline and 20% of patients who developed ADA during the study. Ninety percent of the AIA-positive patients on TOUJEO with antibody test at baseline, remained AIA positive at month 6. The detection of antibody formation is highly dependent on the sensitivity and specificity of the assay and may be influenced by several factors such as: assay methodology, sample handling, timing of sample collection, concomitant medication, and underlying disease.

For these reasons, comparison of the incidence of antibodies to TOUJEO with the incidence of antibodies in other studies or to other products may be misleading.

Postmarketing Experience

The following additional adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of TOUJEO. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Localized cutaneous amyloidosis at the injection site has occurred. Hyperglycemia has been reported with repeated insulin injections into areas of localized cutaneous amyloidosis; hypoglycemia has been reported with a sudden change to an unaffected injection site.

Table 3 includes clinically significant drug interactions with TOUJEO. Table 3: Clinically Significant Drug Interactions with TOUJEO Drugs That May Increase the Risk of Hypoglycemia Drugs: Antidiabetic agents, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blocking agents, disopyramide, fibrates, fluoxetine, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, pentoxifylline, pramlintide, salicylates, somatostatin analogs (e.g., octreotide), and sulfonamide antibiotics, GLP-1 receptor agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, and SGLT-2 inhibitors. Intervention: Dosage reductions and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required when TOUJEO is coadministered with these drugs. Drugs That May Decrease the Blood Glucose Lowering Effect of TOUJEO Drugs: Atypical antipsychotics (e.g., olanzapine and clozapine), corticosteroids, danazol, diuretics, estrogens, glucagon, isoniazid, niacin, oral contraceptives, phenothiazines, progestogens (e.g., in oral contraceptives), protease inhibitors, somatropin, sympathomimetic agents (e.g., albuterol, epinephrine, terbutaline), and thyroid hormones.

Intervention: Dosage increases and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required when TOUJEO is coadministered with these drugs. Drugs That May Increase or Decrease the Blood Glucose Lowering Effect of TOUJEO Drugs: Alcohol, beta-blockers, clonidine, and lithium salts. Pentamidine may cause hypoglycemia, which may sometimes be followed by hyperglycemia.

Intervention: Dosage adjustment and increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required when TOUJEO is coadministered with these drugs. Drugs That May Blunt Signs and Symptoms of Hypoglycemia Drugs: Beta-blockers, clonidine, guanethidine, and reserpine. Intervention: Increased frequency of glucose monitoring may be required when TOUJEO is coadministered with these drugs.

Drugs that Affect Glucose Metabolism: Adjustment of insulin dosage may be needed. Antiadrenergic Drugs (e.g., beta-blockers, clonidine, guanethidine, and reserpine): Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia may be reduced or absent.

Units/kg/day (0.007 mg/kg/day).

In rabbits, doses of 0.072 mg/kg/day, which is approximately 10 times the recommended human subcutaneous starting dosage of

Units/kg/day (0.007 mg/kg/day), were administered during organogenesis.

The effects of insulin glargine did not generally differ from those observed with regular human insulin in rats or rabbits. However, in rabbits, five fetuses from two litters of the high-dose group exhibited dilation of the cerebral ventricles. Fertility and early embryonic development appeared normal.

Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of TOUJEO to improve glycemic control in pediatric patients 6 years of age and older with diabetes mellitus have been established. The use of TOUJEO for this indication is supported by evidence from an adequate and well-controlled study in 463 pediatric patients 6 to 17 years of age with type 1 diabetes mellitus and from studies in adults with diabetes mellitus . The safety and effectiveness of TOUJEO have not been established in pediatric patients less than 6 years of age.

is contraindicated: During episodes of hypoglycemia . In patients with hypersensitivity to insulin glargine or any excipients in TOUJEO . During episodes of hypoglycemia Hypersensitivity to insulin glargine or any excipients in TOUJEO

Excess insulin administration may cause hypoglycemia and hypokalemia . Mild episodes of hypoglycemia can be treated with oral glucose. Lowering the insulin dosage, and adjustments in meal patterns, or physical activity level may be needed. More severe episodes of hypoglycemia with coma, seizure, or neurologic impairment may be treated with glucagon for emergency use or concentrated intravenous glucose.

Sustained carbohydrate intake and observation may be necessary because hypoglycemia may recur after apparent clinical recovery. Hypokalemia must be corrected appropriately.