Savaysa Drug Information

Reduction in the Risk of Stroke and Systemic Embolism in Nonvalvular Atrial

Fibrillation SAVAYSA is indicated to reduce the risk of stroke and systemic embolism (SE) in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Limitation of Use for NVAF SAVAYSA should not be used in patients with CrCL > 95 mL/min because of an increased risk of ischemic stroke compared to warfarin .

Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism

SAVAYSA is indicated for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) following 5 to 10 days of initial therapy with a parenteral anticoagulant.

Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The safety of SAVAYSA was evaluated in the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48, Hokusai VTE, and Hokusai VTE Cancer studies including 11,530 patients exposed to SAVAYSA 60 mg and 7124 patients exposed to SAVAYSA 30 mg once daily . The ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Study In the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 study, the median study drug exposure for the SAVAYSA and warfarin treatment groups was 2.5 years. Bleeding was the most common reason for treatment discontinuation.

Bleeding led to treatment discontinuation in 3.9% and 4.1% of patients in the SAVAYSA 60 mg and warfarin treatment groups, respectively. In the overall population, major bleeding was lower in the SAVAYSA group compared to the warfarin group. Table 6.1 shows major bleeding events (percentage of patients with at least one bleeding event, per year) for the indicated population (CrCL ≤ 95 mL/min). Table 6.1: Adjudicated Bleeding Events for NVAF Patients with CrCL ≤ 95 mL/min The on-treatment period is during treatment or within 2 days of stopping study treatment.

The difference in hemorrhagic stroke rate from Table 14.1 is because Table 14.1 includes events occurring during treatment or within 3 days of stopping study treatment and this table only includes patients with CrCL ≤ 95 mL/min. Event A subject can be included in multiple sub-categories if he/she had an event for those categories. SAVAYSA 60 mg Includes all patients with CrCL ≤ 95 mL/min randomized to receive 60 mg once daily, including those who were dose-reduced to 30 mg once daily because of prespecified baseline conditions.

N = 5417 n (%/year) Warfarin N = 5485 n (%/year) SAVAYSA 60 mg vs. Warfarin HR (95% CI) Abbreviations: HR = Hazard Ratio versus Warfarin, CI = Confidence Interval, n = number of patients with events, N = number of patients in Safety population, Major Bleeding A major bleeding event (the study primary safety endpoint) was defined as clinically overt bleeding that met one of the following criteria: fatal bleeding; symptomatic bleeding in a critical site such as retroperitoneal, intracranial, intraocular, intraspinal, intra-articular, pericardial, or intramuscular with compartment syndrome; a clinically overt bleeding event that caused a fall in hemoglobin of at least 2.0 g/dL (or a fall in hematocrit of at least 6.0% in the absence of hemoglobin data), when adjusted for transfusions (1 unit of transfusion = 1.0 g/dL drop in hemoglobin). 357 431 0.84 Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) ICH includes primary hemorrhagic stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, epidural/subdural hemorrhage, and ischemic stroke with major hemorrhagic conversion. 53 122 0.44 Hemorrhagic Stroke 33 69 0.49 Other ICH 20 55 0.37 Gastrointestinal Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeds include bleeding from upper and lower GI tract. Lower GI tract bleeding includes rectal bleeds. 205 150 1.40 Fatal Bleeding Fatal bleed is a bleeding event during the on-treatment period and adjudicated as leading directly to death within 7 days. 21 42 0.51 ICH 19 36 0.54 Non-intracranial 2 (< 0.1) 6 (< 0.1) ---- The most common site of a major bleeding event was the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

Table 6.2 shows the number of and the rate at which patients experienced GI bleeding in the SAVAYSA 60 mg and warfarin treatment groups. Table 6.2: Gastrointestinal Bleeding Events for NVAF Patients with CrCL ≤ 95 mL/min During or within 2 days of stopping study treatment SAVAYSA N = 5417 n (%/year) Warfarin N = 5485 n (%/year) Major Gastrointestinal (GI) Bleeding GI bleeding was defined by location as upper or lower GI 205 150 Upper GI 123 88 Lower GI Lower GI bleeding included anorectal bleeding 85 64 GUSTO GUSTO – Severe or life-threatening bleeding that caused hemodynamic compromise and requires intervention Severe GI bleeding 16 17 Fatal GI bleeding 1 (< 0.1) 2 (< 0.1) The rate of anemia-related adverse events was greater with SAVAYSA 60 mg than with warfarin (9.6% vs. 6.8%). The comparative rates of major bleeding on SAVAYSA and warfarin were generally consistent among subgroups ( see Figure 6.1 ). Bleeding rates appeared higher in both treatment arms (SAVAYSA and warfarin) in the following subgroups of patients: those receiving aspirin, those in the United States, those more than 75 years old and those with reduced renal function. Figure 6.1: Adjudicated Major Bleeding in the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 During or within 2 days of stopping study treatment Study Note: The figure above presents effects in various subgroups all of which are baseline characteristics and most of which were pre-specified.

The 95% confidence limits that are shown do not take into account how many comparisons were made, nor do they reflect the effect of a particular factor after adjustment for all other factors. Apparent homogeneity or heterogeneity among groups should not be over-interpreted. Figure

Other Adverse Reactions

The most common non-bleeding adverse reactions (≥ 1%) for SAVAYSA 60 mg versus warfarin were rash (4.2% vs. 4.1%), and abnormal liver function tests (4.8% vs. 4.6%), respectively. Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) was reported as a serious adverse event on treatment for SAVAYSA 60 mg and warfarin in 15 (0.2%) and 7 (0.1%) patients, respectively. Many of the cases in both treatment groups were confounded by the use of amiodarone, which has been associated with ILD, or by infectious pneumonia.

In the overall study period, there were 5 and 0 fatal ILD cases in the SAVAYSA 60 mg and warfarin groups, respectively. The Hokusai VTE Study The safety of SAVAYSA in the treatment of VTE was assessed in the Hokusai VTE study. The duration of drug exposure for SAVAYSA was ≤ 6 months for 1561 (37.9%) of patients, > 6 months for 2557 (62.1%) of patients and 12 months for 1661 (40.3%) of patients.

Bleeding was the most common reason for treatment discontinuation and occurred in 1.4% and 1.4% of patients in the SAVAYSA and warfarin arms, respectively. Bleeding in Patients with DVT and/or PE in the Hokusai VTE Study The major safety outcome was Clinically Relevant Bleeding, defined as the composite of Major and Clinically Relevant Non-Major (CRNM) Bleeding that occurred during or within three days of stopping study treatment. The incidence of Clinically Relevant Bleeding was lower in SAVAYSA than warfarin.

Table 6.3 shows the number of patients experiencing bleeding events in the Hokusai VTE Study. Table 6.3: Bleeding Events in the Hokusai VTE Study SAVAYSA (N = 4118) Warfarin (N = 4122) Abbreviations: N = number of patients in the modified intent-to-treat population; n = number of events; CRNM = clinically relevant non-major Clinically Relevant Bleeding Primary Safety Endpoint: Clinically Relevant Bleeding (composite of Major and CRNM). (Major/CRNM), n (%) 349 423 Major Bleeding A major bleeding event was defined as clinically overt bleeding that met one of the following criteria: associated with a fall in hemoglobin level of 2.0 g/dL or more, or leading to transfusion of two or more units of packed red cells or whole blood; occurring in a critical site or organ: intracranial, intraspinal, intraocular, pericardial, intra-articular, intramuscular with compartment syndrome, retroperitoneal; contributing to death., n (%) 56 66 Fatal bleeding 2 (<0.1) 10 Intracranial fatal 0 6 Non-fatal critical organ bleeding 13 25 Intracranial bleeding 5 12 Non-fatal non-critical organ bleeding 41 33 Decrease in Hb ≥ 2 g/dL 40 33 Transfusion of ≥ 2 units of RBC 28 22 CRNM Bleeding CRNM bleeding was defined as overt bleeding not meeting the criteria for a major bleeding event but that was associated with a medical intervention, an unscheduled contact (visit or telephone call) with a physician, temporary cessation of study treatment, or associated with discomfort for the subject such as pain, or impairment of activities of daily life. 298 368 Any Bleed 895 1056 Patients with low body weight (≤ 60 kg), CrCL ≤ 50 mL/min, or concomitant use of select P-gp inhibitors were randomized to receive SAVAYSA 30 mg or warfarin. As compared to all patients who received SAVAYSA or warfarin in the 60 mg cohort, all patients who received SAVAYSA or warfarin in the 30 mg cohort (n = 1452, 17.6% of the entire study population) were older (60.1 vs 54.9 years), more frequently female (66.5% vs 37.7%), more frequently of Asian race (46.0% vs 15.6%) and had more co-morbidities (e.g., history of bleeding, hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer). Clinically relevant bleeding events occurred in 58/733 (7.9%) of the SAVAYSA patients receiving 30 mg once daily and 92/719 (12.8%) of warfarin patients meeting the above criteria.

In the Hokusai VTE study, among all patients the most common bleeding adverse reactions (≥ 1%) are shown in Table 6.4. Table 6.4: Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥ 1% of Patients Treated in Hokusai VTE SAVAYSA 60 mg (N = 4118) n (%) Warfarin (N = 4122) n (%) Bleeding ADRs Adjudicated Any Bleeding by location for all bleeding event categories (including Major and CRNM) Vaginal Gender specific vaginal bleeding percentage is based on number of female subjects in each treatment group 158 126 Cutaneous soft tissue 245 414 Epistaxis 195 237 Gastrointestinal bleeding 171 150 Lower gastrointestinal 141 126 Oral/pharyngeal 138 162 Macroscopic hematuria/urethral 91 117 Puncture site 56 99 Non-Bleeding ADRs Rash 147 151 Abnormal liver function tests 322 322 Anemia 72 55 Bleeding in Patients with VTE in the Hokusai VTE Cancer Study The safety of SAVAYSA in patients with cancer and VTE was evaluated in the Hokusai VTE Cancer study . The median duration of SAVAYSA exposure was 211 days (range, 2 to 423). The safety outcome was major bleeding that occurred during or within three days of stopping study treatment. The incidence of major bleeding was higher in the SAVAYSA arm than in the dalteparin arm. Table 6.5 presents the bleeding results from the Hokusai VTE Cancer study.

Table 6.5: Bleeding Events in the Hokusai VTE Cancer Study SAVAYSA (N = 522) Dalteparin (N = 524) Abbreviations: N = number of patients in the modified intent-to-treat population; n = number of events; CRNM = clinically relevant non-major Major Bleeding A major bleeding event was defined as clinically overt bleeding that met one of the following criteria: associated with a fall in hemoglobin level of 2.0 g/dL or more, or leading to transfusion of two or more units of packed red cells or whole blood; occurring in a critical site or organ: intracranial, intraspinal, intraocular, pericardial, intra-articular, intramuscular with compartment syndrome, retroperitoneal; contributing to death., n (%) 32 (6.1%) 16 (3.1%) Fatal bleeding 1 (0.2%) All events in this table, except for the fatal bleeding event on SAVAYSA, are based on adjudicated events. The fatal bleeding event on SAVAYSA was adjudicated as a major bleed; however, the adjudicated cause of death was cancer-related death. 2 (0.4%) Intracranial 0 1 (0.2%) Lower gastrointestinal 1 (0.2%) 1 (0.2%) Non-fatal critical organ bleeding 5 (1%) 6 (1.1%) Intracranial bleeding 2 (0.4%) 2 (0.4%) Non-fatal non-critical organ bleeding 27 (5.2%) 8 (1.5%) Gastrointestinal 22 (4.2%) 4 (0.8%) Upper gastrointestinal 18 (3.4%) 3 (0.6%) Lower gastrointestinal 3 (0.6%) 1 (0.2%) Decrease in Hb ≥ 2 g/dL 28 (5.4%) 11 (2.1%) CRNM Bleeding CRNM bleeding was defined as overt bleeding not meeting the criteria for a major bleeding event but that was associated with a medical intervention, an unscheduled contact (visit or telephone call) with a physician, temporary cessation of study treatment, or associated with discomfort for the subject such as pain or impairment of activities of daily life., n (%) 70 (13.4%) 48 (9.2%) Any Bleeding, n (%) 137 (26.2%) 104 (19.8%) In patients with GI cancer at randomization, major bleeding occurred in 13.2% (18/136) in the SAVAYSA group and 2.4% (3/125) in the dalteparin group. In patients without GI cancer at randomization, major bleeding occurred in 3.6% (14/386) in the SAVAYSA group and 3.3% (13/399) in the dalteparin group.

Postmarketing Experience

The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of SAVAYSA. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Blood and lymphatic system disorders: thrombocytopenia Gastrointestinal disorders: abdominal pain Immune system disorders: angioedema, hypersensitivity Nervous system disorders: dizziness, headache Renal and urinary disorders: anticoagulant-related nephropathy Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: urticaria

Anticoagulants, Antiplatelets, Thrombolytics, and

SSRIs/SNRIs Co-administration of anticoagulants, antiplatelet drugs, thrombolytics and SSRIs or SNRIs may increase the risk of bleeding. Promptly evaluate any signs or symptoms of blood loss if patients are treated concomitantly with anticoagulants, aspirin, other platelet aggregation inhibitors, and/or NSAIDs . Long-term concomitant treatment with SAVAYSA and other anticoagulants is not recommended because of increased risk of bleeding . Short term co-administration may be needed for patients transitioning to or from SAVAYSA . In clinical studies with SAVAYSA concomitant use of aspirin (low dose ≤ 100 mg/day) or thienopyridines, and NSAIDs was permitted and resulted in increased rates of Clinically Relevant Bleeding. Carefully monitor for bleeding in patients who require chronic treatment with low dose aspirin and/or NSAIDs . As with other anticoagulants the possibility may exist that patients are at an increased risk of bleeding in case of concomitant use with SSRIs or SNRIs due to their reported effect on platelets.

P-gp Inducers

Avoid the concomitant use of SAVAYSA with rifampin .

P-gp Inhibitors Treatment of

NVAF Based on clinical experience from the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 study, dose reduction in patients concomitantly receiving P-gp inhibitors resulted in edoxaban blood levels that were lower than in patients who were given the full dose. Consequently, no dose reduction is recommended for concomitant P-gp inhibitor use . Treatment of Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism

Pregnancy Risk Summary Available data about SAVAYSA use in pregnant women are insufficient to determine whether there are drug-associated risks for adverse developmental outcomes. In animal developmental studies, no adverse developmental effects were seen when edoxaban was administered orally to pregnant rats and rabbits during organogenesis at up to 16-times and 8-times, respectively, the human exposure, when based on body surface area and AUC, respectively (see Data ). The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes.

In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-associated maternal and/or embryo/fetal risk Pregnancy confers an increased risk of thromboembolism that is higher for women with underlying thromboembolic disease and certain high-risk pregnancy conditions. Published data describe that women with a previous history of venous thrombosis are at high risk for recurrence during pregnancy.

Fetal/Neonatal adverse reactions Use of anticoagulants, including edoxaban, may increase the risk of bleeding in the fetus and neonate. Monitor neonates for bleeding . Labor or delivery All patients receiving anticoagulants, including pregnant women, are at risk for bleeding. SAVAYSA use during labor or delivery in women who are receiving neuraxial anesthesia may result in epidural or spinal hematomas.

Consider use of a shorter acting anticoagulant as delivery approaches . Data Animal Data Embryo-fetal development studies were conducted in pregnant rats and rabbits during the period of organogenesis. In rats, no malformation was seen when edoxaban was administered orally at doses up to 300 mg/kg/day, or 49 times the human dose of 60 mg/day normalized to body surface area. Increased post-implantation loss occurred at 300 mg/kg/day, but this effect may be secondary to the maternal vaginal hemorrhage seen at this dose.

In rabbits, no malformation was seen at doses up to 600 mg/kg/day (49 times the human exposure at a dose of 60 mg/day when based on AUC). Embryo-fetal toxicities occurred at maternally toxic doses, and included absent or small fetal gallbladder at 600 mg/kg/day, and increased post-implantation loss, increased spontaneous abortion, and decreased live fetuses and fetal weight at doses equal to or greater than 200 mg/kg/day, which is equal to or greater than 20 times the human exposure. In a rat pre- and post-natal developmental study, edoxaban was administered orally during the period of organogenesis and through lactation day 20 at doses up to 30 mg/kg/day, which is up to 3 times the human exposure when based on AUC. Vaginal bleeding in pregnant rats and delayed avoidance response (a learning test) in female offspring were seen at 30 mg/kg/day.

Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of SAVAYSA have not been established in pediatric patients with confirmed VTE (PE and/or DVT). Effectiveness was not demonstrated in an adequate and well-controlled study conducted in 145 SAVAYSA-treated pediatric patients, from birth to less than 18 years of age with confirmed VTE (PE and/or DVT), treated for 3 months up to a maximum of 12 months.

is contraindicated in patients with: Active pathological bleeding . Active pathological bleeding

A specific reversal agent for edoxaban is not available. Overdose of SAVAYSA increases the risk of bleeding. The following are not expected to reverse the anticoagulant effects of edoxaban: protamine sulfate, vitamin K, and tranexamic acid . Hemodialysis does not significantly contribute to edoxaban clearance .