Phyrago Drug Information
Generic name: DASATINIB
Uses of Phyrago
1. INDICATIONS AND USAGE PHYRAGO is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase. chronic, accelerated, or myeloid or lymphoid blast phase Ph+ CML with resistance or intolerance to prior therapy including imatinib. Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL) with resistance or intolerance to prior therapy.
PHYRAGO is indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients 1 year of age and older with Ph+ CML in chronic phase. newly diagnosed Ph+ ALL in combination with chemotherapy.
Dosage & Administration of Phyrago
2. DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION Chronic phase CML in adults: 100 mg orally once daily. Accelerated phase CML, myeloid or lymphoid blast phase CML, or Ph+ ALL in adults: 140 mg orally once daily.
Chronic phase CML and ALL in pediatrics: starting dose based on body weight. Administer with or without a meal. Do not crush, cut, or chew tablets. 2.1 Recommended Dosage in Adult Patients The recommended starting dosage of PHYRAGO for chronic phase CML in adults is 100 mg administered orally once daily.
Swallow PHYRAGO whole. PHYRAGO can be taken with or without a meal, either in the morning or in the evening. 2.2 Recommended Dosage in Pediatric Patients with CML or Ph+ ALL The recommended starting dosage for pediatrics is based on body weight as shown in Table 1. The recommended dose should be administered orally once daily with or without food.
Recalculate the dose every 3 months based on changes in body weight, or more often if necessary. Do not crush, cut, or chew tablets. Swallow tablets whole.
There are additional administration considerations for pediatric patients who have difficulty swallowing tablets whole. Table 1: Dosage of PHYRAGO for Pediatric Patients* For pediatric patients with Ph+ ALL, begin PHYRAGO therapy on or before day 15 of induction chemotherapy, when diagnosis is confirmed and continue for 2 years. Tablet dosing is not recommended for patients weighing less than 10 kg. See Dosage and Administration 2.4 below for recommendations on dose escalation in adults with CML and Ph+ ALL, and pediatric patients with CML. 2.3 Dosage Modifications for Drug Interactions Strong CYP3A4 Inducers Avoid the use of concomitant strong CYP3A4 inducers.
If patients must be coadministered a strong CYP3A4 inducer, consider a PHYRAGO dose increase. If the dose of PHYRAGO is increased, monitor the patient carefully for toxicity. Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors Avoid the use of concomitant strong CYP3A4 inhibitors and grapefruit juice.
Recommend selecting an alternate concomitant medication with no or minimal enzyme inhibition potential, if possible. If PHYRAGO must be administered with a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor, consider a dose decrease to: daily, consider interrupting PHYRAGO until the inhibitor is discontinued. Allow a washout period of approximately 1 week after the inhibitor is stopped before reinitiating PHYRAGO.
These reduced doses of PHYRAGO are predicted to adjust the area under the curve (AUC) to the range observed without CYP3A4 inhibitors; however, clinical data are not available with these dose adjustments in patients receiving strong CYP3A4 inhibitors. If PHYRAGO is not tolerated after dose reduction, either discontinue the strong CYP3A4 inhibitor or interrupt PHYRAGO until the inhibitor is discontinued. Antacids Avoid concomitant use of PHYRAGO with antacids.
If concomitant use of an antacid cannot be avoided, administer the antacid at least 2 hours prior to or 2 hours after the dose of PHYRAGO. 2.4 Dose Escalation in Adults with CML and Ph+ ALL, and Pediatric Patients with CML For adult patients with CML and Ph+ ALL, consider dose escalation to 140 mg once daily (chronic phase CML) or 180 mg once daily (advanced phase CML and Ph+ ALL) in patients who do not achieve a hematologic or cytogenetic response at the recommended starting dosage. For pediatric patients with CML, consider dose escalation to 120 mg once daily (see Table 2 below). Dose escalation is not recommended for pediatric patients with Ph+ ALL, where PHYRAGO is administered in combination with chemotherapy.
Escalate the PHYRAGO dose as shown in Table 2 in pediatric patients with chronic phase CML who do not achieve a hematologic or cytogenetic response at the recommended starting dosage. Table 2: Dose 2.5 Dosage Modifications for Adverse Reactions Myelosuppression In clinical studies, myelosuppression was managed by dose interruption, dose reduction, or discontinuation of study therapy. Hematopoietic growth factor has been used in patients with resistant myelosuppression.
Guidelines for dose modifications for adult and pediatric patients are summarized in Tables 3 and 4, respectively. Table 3: Dosage Modifications for Neutropenia and Thrombocytopenia in Adults ANC: absolute neutrophil count Table 4: Dosage Modifications for Neutropenia and Thrombocytopenia in Pediatric Patients with Ph+ CML lower tablet dose not available For pediatric patients with chronic phase CML, if Grade ≥ 3 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia recurs during complete hematologic response (CHR), interrupt PHYRAGO and resume at a reduced dose. Implement temporary dose reductions for intermediate degrees of cytopenia and disease response as needed.
For pediatric patients with Ph+ ALL, if neutropenia and/or thrombocytopenia result in a delay of the next block of treatment by more than 14 days, interrupt PHYRAGO and resume at the same dose level once the next block of treatment is started. If neutropenia and/or thrombocytopenia persist and the next block of treatment is delayed another 7 days, perform a bone marrow assessment to assess cellularity and percentage of blasts. If marrow cellularity is >10%, resumption of treatment with PHYRAGO may be considered.
Non-Hematologic Adverse Reactions For adults with Ph+ CML and ALL, and pediatric patients with Ph+ CML, if a severe non-hematologic adverse reaction develops with PHYRAGO use, treatment must be withheld until the adverse reaction has resolved or improved. Thereafter, treatment can be resumed as appropriate at a reduced dose depending on the severity and recurrence. For pediatric patients with Ph+ ALL, interrupt treatment for cases of grade ≥ 3 non-hematologic adverse reactions with the exception of liver function test abnormalities, and resume at a reduced dose when resolved to grade ≤1.
For elevated direct bilirubin over 5 times the institutional upper limit of normal (ULN), interrupt treatment until improvement to baseline or grade ≤1. For elevated AST/ALT over 15 times the institutional ULN, interrupt treatment until improvement to baseline or grade <1. For recurrent liver function test abnormalities as above, reduce the dose if this adverse reaction recurs after reinitiation of PHYRAGO.
Dose reduction recommendations are described in Table 5. Table 5: Dosage Modifications for Non-Hematologic Toxicities in Pediatric Patients lower tablet dose not available 2.6 Duration of Treatment In clinical studies, treatment with dasatinib in adults and in pediatric patients with chronic phase CML was continued until disease progression or until no longer tolerated by the patient. The effect of stopping treatment on long-term disease outcome after the achievement of a cytogenetic response (including complete cytogenetic response ) or major molecular response (MMR and MR4.5) has not been established.
In clinical studies, treatment with dasatinib in pediatric patients with Ph+ ALL was administered for a maximum duration of 2 years. PHYRAGO is a hazardous drug. Follow applicable special handling and disposal procedures.
| Body Weight (kg) | Daily Dose (mg) |
|---|---|
| 10 to less than 20 | 40 mg |
| 20 to less than 30 | 60 mg |
| 30 to less than 45 | 70 mg |
| at least 45 | 100 mg |
| Formulation | Dose (maximum dose per day) | |
|---|---|---|
| Starting Dose | Escalation | |
| Tablets | 40 mg | 50 mg |
| 60 mg | 70 mg | |
| 70 mg | 90 mg | |
| 100 mg | 120 mg | |
| Chronic Phase CML (starting dose 100 mg once daily) | ANC <0.5 × 10 9 /L or Platelets <50 × 10 9 /L | Stop PHYRAGO until ANC ≥1 × 10 9 /L and platelets ≥50 × 10 9 /L. Resume treatment with PHYRAGO at the original starting dose if recovery occurs in ≤7 days. If platelets <25 × 10 9 /L or recurrence of ANC <0.5 ×10 9 /L for >7 days, repeat Step 1 and resume PHYRAGO at a reduced dose of 80 mg once daily for second episode. For third episode, further reduce dose to 50 mg once daily (for newly diagnosed patients) or discontinue PHYRAGO (for patients resistant orintolerant to prior therapy including imatinib). |
| Accelerated Phase CML, Blast Phase CML and Ph+ ALL (starting dose 140 mg once daily) | ANC <0.5 × 10 9 /L or Platelets <10 × 10 9 /L | Check if cytopenia is related to leukemia (marrow aspirate or biopsy). If cytopenia is unrelated to leukemia, stop PHYRAGO until ANC ≥1 × 10 9 /L and platelets ≥20 × 10 9 /L and resume at the original starting dose. If recurrence of cytopenia, repeat Step 1 and resume PHYRAGO at a reduced dose of 100 mg once daily (second episode) or 80 mg once daily (third episode). If cytopenia is related to leukemia, consider dose escalation to 180 mg once daily. |
| Dose (maximum dose per day) | ||||
| 1. If cytopenia persists for more than 3 weeks, check if cytopenia is related to leukemia (marrow aspirate or biopsy). 2. If cytopenia is unrelated to leukemia, stop PHYRAGO until ANC* ≥1 × 10 9 /L and platelets ≥75 × 10 9 /L and resume at the original starting dose or at a reduced dose. 3. If cytopenia recurs, repeat marrow aspirate/biopsy and resume PHYRAGO at a reduced dose. | Original Starting Dose | One-Level Dose Reduction | Two-Level Dose Reduction | |
| Tablets | 40 mg | 20 mg | ||
| 60 mg | 40 mg | 20 mg | ||
| 70 mg | 60 mg | 50 mg | ||
| 100 mg | 80 mg | 70 mg | ||
| Dose (maximum dose per day) | ||||
| 1. If a non-hematologic toxicity grade 2 occurs, consider interrupting PHYRAGO if no recovery despite symptomatic therapy; once recovered to grade ≤1, resume at the original starting dose. Resume PHYRAGO at a reduced dose for recurrent events. 2. If a non-hematologic toxicity grade 3 occurs, stop PHYRAGO until recovery to grade ≤1 and then resume at a reduced dose. 3. If direct bilirubin is >5 ULN or AST/ALT >15 ULN, interrupt PHYRAGO until recovery to grade ≤1 and then resume PHYRAGO at the original starting dose. Resume PHYRAGO at a reduced dose for recurrent hepatotoxicity. | Original Starting Dose | One-Level Dose Reduction | Two-Level Dose Reduction | |
| Tablets | 40 mg | 20 mg | ||
| 60 mg | 40 mg | 20 mg | ||
| 70 mg | 60 mg | 50 mg | ||
| 100 mg | 80 mg | 70 mg | ||
| Body Weight (kg) | Daily Dose (mg) |
|---|---|
| 10 to less than 20 | 40 mg |
| 20 to less than 30 | 60 mg |
| 30 to less than 45 | 70 mg |
| at least 45 | 100 mg |
| Chronic Phase CML (starting dose 100 mg once daily) | ANC <0.5 × 10 9 /L or Platelets <50 × 10 9 /L | Stop PHYRAGO until ANC ≥1 × 10 9 /L and platelets ≥50 × 10 9 /L. Resume treatment with PHYRAGO at the original starting dose if recovery occurs in ≤7 days. If platelets <25 × 10 9 /L or recurrence of ANC <0.5 ×10 9 /L for >7 days, repeat Step 1 and resume PHYRAGO at a reduced dose of 80 mg once daily for second episode. For third episode, further reduce dose to 50 mg once daily (for newly diagnosed patients) or discontinue PHYRAGO (for patients resistant orintolerant to prior therapy including imatinib). |
| Accelerated Phase CML, Blast Phase CML and Ph+ ALL (starting dose 140 mg once daily) | ANC <0.5 × 10 9 /L or Platelets <10 × 10 9 /L | Check if cytopenia is related to leukemia (marrow aspirate or biopsy). If cytopenia is unrelated to leukemia, stop PHYRAGO until ANC ≥1 × 10 9 /L and platelets ≥20 × 10 9 /L and resume at the original starting dose. If recurrence of cytopenia, repeat Step 1 and resume PHYRAGO at a reduced dose of 100 mg once daily (second episode) or 80 mg once daily (third episode). If cytopenia is related to leukemia, consider dose escalation to 180 mg once daily. |
| Dose (maximum dose per day) | ||||
| 1. If cytopenia persists for more than 3 weeks, check if cytopenia is related to leukemia (marrow aspirate or biopsy). 2. If cytopenia is unrelated to leukemia, stop PHYRAGO until ANC* ≥1 × 10 9 /L and platelets ≥75 × 10 9 /L and resume at the original starting dose or at a reduced dose. 3. If cytopenia recurs, repeat marrow aspirate/biopsy and resume PHYRAGO at a reduced dose. | Original Starting Dose | One-Level Dose Reduction | Two-Level Dose Reduction | |
| Tablets | 40 mg | 20 mg | ||
| 60 mg | 40 mg | 20 mg | ||
| 70 mg | 60 mg | 50 mg | ||
| 100 mg | 80 mg | 70 mg | ||
| Dose (maximum dose per day) | ||||
| 1. If a non-hematologic toxicity grade 2 occurs, consider interrupting PHYRAGO if no recovery despite symptomatic therapy; once recovered to grade ≤1, resume at the original starting dose. Resume PHYRAGO at a reduced dose for recurrent events. 2. If a non-hematologic toxicity grade 3 occurs, stop PHYRAGO until recovery to grade ≤1 and then resume at a reduced dose. 3. If direct bilirubin is >5 ULN or AST/ALT >15 ULN, interrupt PHYRAGO until recovery to grade ≤1 and then resume PHYRAGO at the original starting dose. Resume PHYRAGO at a reduced dose for recurrent hepatotoxicity. | Original Starting Dose | One-Level Dose Reduction | Two-Level Dose Reduction | |
| Tablets | 40 mg | 20 mg | ||
| 60 mg | 40 mg | 20 mg | ||
| 70 mg | 60 mg | 50 mg | ||
| 100 mg | 80 mg | 70 mg | ||
Side Effects of Phyrago
6. ADVERSE REACTIONS The following clinically significant adverse reactions are discussed in greater detail in other sections of the labeling: Myelosuppression. Bleeding-related events.
Fluid retention. Cardiovascular toxicity. Pulmonary arterial hypertension.
QT prolongation. Severe dermatologic reactions. Tumor lysis syndrome.
Effects on growth and development in pediatric patients. Hepatotoxicity. Most common adverse reactions (≥15%) in patients receiving dasatinib as single-agent therapy included myelosuppression, fluid retention events, diarrhea, headache, skin rash, hemorrhage, dyspnea, fatigue, nausea, and musculoskeletal pain.
Most common adverse reactions (≥30%) in pediatric patients receiving dasatinib in combination with chemotherapy included mucositis, febrile neutropenia, pyrexia, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, musculoskeletal pain, abdominal pain, cough, headache, rash, fatigue, constipation, arrhythmia, hypertension, edema, infections (bacterial, viral and fungal), hypotension, decreased appetite, hypersensitivity, dyspnea, epistaxis, peripheral neuropathy, and altered state of consciousness. To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Cycle Pharmaceuticals Ltd at 1-844-784-1807 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The data described below reflect exposure to dasatinib administered as single-agent therapy at all doses tested in clinical studies (n = 2809), including 324 adult patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase CML and 2388 adult patients with imatinib-resistant or -intolerant chronic or advanced phase CML or Ph+ ALL, and 97 pediatric patients with chronic phase CML.
In a randomized trial in patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase CML, the median duration of therapy was approximately 60 months. In the overall population of 2712 adult patients, 88% of patients experienced adverse reactions at some time and 19% experienced adverse reactions leading to treatment discontinuation. In the randomized trial in adult patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase CML, drug was discontinued for adverse reactions in 16% of patients with a minimum of 60 months of follow- up.
After a minimum of 60 months of follow-up, the cumulative discontinuation rate was 39%. Among the 97 pediatric subjects, drug-related adverse reactions leading to discontinuation were reported in 1 patient (1%). Adverse reactions reported in ≥ 10% of adult patients, and other adverse reactions of interest, in a randomized trial in patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase CML at a median follow-up of approximately 60 months are presented in Table 6.
Adverse reactions reported in ≥ 10% of adult patients treated at the recommended dose of 100 mg once daily (n=165), and other adverse reactions of interest, in a randomized dose-optimization trial of patients with chronic phase CML resistant or intolerant to prior imatinib therapy at a median follow-up of approximately 84 months are presented in Table 8. Adverse reactions reported in ≥10% of pediatric patients at a median follow-up of approximately 51.1 months are presented in Table 11. Drug-related serious adverse reactions (SARs) were reported for 16.7% of adult patients in the randomized trial of patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase CML.
Serious adverse reactions reported in 5% of patients included pleural effusion (5%). Drug-related SARs were reported for 26.1% of patients treated at the recommended dose of 100 mg once daily in the randomized dose-optimization trial of adult patients with chronic phase CML resistant or intolerant to prior imatinib therapy. Drug-related SARs were reported for 14.4% of pediatric patients.
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Adverse reactions (excluding laboratory abnormalities) that were reported in at least 10% of adult patients are shown in Table 6 for newly diagnosed patients with chronic phase CML and Tables 8 and 10 for CML patients with resistance or intolerance to prior imatinib therapy. Table 6: Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥ 10% of Adult Patients with Newly Diagnosed Chronic Phase CML Minimum of a Includes cardiac failure acute, cardiac failure congestive, cardiomyopathy, diastolic dysfunction, ejection fraction decreased, and left ventricular dysfunction. b Includes erythema, erythema multiforme, rash, rash generalized, rash macular, rash papular, rash pustular, skin exfoliation, and rash vesicular. c Adverse reaction of special interest with <10% frequency. d Includes conjunctival hemorrhage, ear hemorrhage, ecchymosis, epistaxis, eye hemorrhage, gingival bleeding, hematoma, hematuria, hemoptysis, intra-abdominal hematoma, petechiae, scleral hemorrhage, uterine hemorrhage, and vaginal hemorrhage A comparison of cumulative rates of adverse reactions reported in ≥ 10% of patients with minimum follow-up of 1 and 5 years in a randomized trial of newly diagnosed patients with chronic phase CML treated with dasatinib are shown in Table 7. Table 7: Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥ 10% of Adult Patients with Newly Diagnosed Chronic Phase CML in the Dasatinib-Treated Arm n= 0 a Includes cardiac failure acute, cardiac failure congestive, cardiomyopathy, diastolic dysfunction, ejection fraction decreased, and left ventricular dysfunction. b Includes erythema, erythema multiforme, rash, rash generalized, rash macular, rash papular, rash pustular, skin exfoliation, and rash vesicular At 60 months, there were 26 deaths in dasatinib-treated patients (10.1%) and 26 deaths in imatinib-treated patients (10.1%); 1 death in each group was assessed by the investigator as related to study therapy.
Table 8: Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥ 10% of Adult Patients with Chronic Phase CML Resistant or Intolerant to Prior Imatinib Therapy minimum of 1 a Includes drug eruption, erythema, erythema multiforme, erythrosis, exfoliative rash, generalized erythema, genital rash, heat rash, milia, rash, rash erythematous, rash follicular, rash generalized, rash macular, rash maculopapular, rash papular, rash pruritic, rash pustular, skin exfoliation, skin irritation, urticaria vesiculosa, and rash vesicular. Cumulative rates of selected adverse reactions that were reported over time in patients treated with the 100 mg once daily recommended starting dose in a randomized dose-optimization trial of imatinib-resistant or -intolerant patients with chronic phase CML are shown in Table 9. Table 9: Selected Adverse Reactions Reported in Adult Dose Optimization Trial (Imatinib-Intolerant or -Resistant Chronic Phase CML) a a Randomized dose-optimization trial results reported in the recommended starting dose of 100 mg once daily (n=165) population.
Laboratory Abnormalities Myelosuppression was commonly reported in all patient populations. Myelosuppression was reported in patients with normal baseline laboratory values as well as in patients with pre-existing laboratory abnormalities. In patients who experienced severe myelosuppression, recovery generally occurred following dose interruption or reduction; permanent discontinuation of treatment occurred in 2% of adult patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase CML and 5% of adult patients with resistance or intolerance to prior imatinib therapy.
Grade 3 or 4 elevations of transaminases or bilirubin and Grade 3 or 4 hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, and hypophosphatemia were reported in patients with all phases of CML but were reported with an increased frequency in patients with myeloid or lymphoid blast phase CML. Elevations in transaminases or bilirubin were usually managed with dose reduction or interruption. Patients developing Grade 3 or 4 hypocalcemia during dasatinib therapy often had recovery with oral calcium supplementation.
There were no discontinuations of dasatinib therapy in this patient population due to biochemical laboratory parameters. Laboratory abnormalities reported in patients with CML resistant or intolerant to imatinib who received the recommended starting doses of dasatinib are shown by disease phase in Table 13. In the pediatric studies in CML, the rates of laboratory abnormalities were consistent with the known profile for laboratory parameters in adults.
Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Ph+ ALL) in Adults A total of 135 adult patients with Ph+ ALL were treated with dasatinib in clinical studies. The median duration of treatment was 3 months (range 0.03-31 months). The safety profile of patients with Ph+ ALL was similar to those with lymphoid blast phase CML.
The most frequently reported adverse reactions included fluid retention events, such as pleural effusion (24%) and superficial edema (19%), and gastrointestinal disorders, such as diarrhea ( %) were also frequently reported. Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (Ph+ ALL) in Pediatric Patients The safety of dasatinib administered continuously in combination with multiagent chemotherapy was determined in a multicohort study of 81 pediatric patients with newly diagnosed Ph+ ALL. The median duration of therapy was 24 months (range 2 to 27 months).
Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 3 patients (4%), all of which were due to infections. Eight (10%) patients experienced adverse reactions leading to treatment discontinuation, including fungal sepsis, hepatotoxicity in the setting of graft versus host disease, thrombocytopenia, CMV infection, pneumonia, nausea, enteritis and drug hypersensitivity. The most common serious adverse reactions (incidence ≥10%) were pyrexia, febrile neutropenia, mucositis, diarrhea, sepsis, hypotension, infections (bacterial, viral and fungal), hypersensitivity, vomiting, renal insufficiency, abdominal pain, and musculoskeletal pain.
The incidence of common adverse reactions (incidence ≥20%) on study are shown in Table 14: Table 14: Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥20% of Pediatric Patients with Ph+ ALL Treated with dasatinib in Combination with Chemotherapy CA - The incidence of common adverse reactions attributed by the investigator to dasatinib (reported at a frequency of ≥10%, all grades and grade 3/4, respectively) on study (N=81), included febrile neutropenia ( %, 5%). CTCAE grade 3/4 laboratory abnormalities in pediatric patients with Ph+ ALL treated with dasatinib in combination with chemotherapy are shown in Table 15. Gastrointestinal Disorders: 1%–<10% – mucosal inflammation (including mucositis/stomatitis), dyspepsia, abdominal distension, constipation, gastritis, colitis (including neutropenic colitis), oral soft tissue disorder; 0.1%–<1% – ascites, dysphagia, anal fissure, upper gastrointestinal ulcer, esophagitis, pancreatitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease; <0.1% – protein losing gastroenteropathy, ileus, acute pancreatitis, anal fistula.
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders: 1%–<10% – alopecia, acne, dry skin, hyperhidrosis, urticaria, dermatitis (including eczema); 0.1%–<1% – pigmentation disorder, skin ulcer, bullous conditions, photosensitivity, nail disorder, neutrophilic dermatosis, panniculitis, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome, hair disorder; <0.1% – leukocytoclastic vasculitis, skin fibrosis. Respiratory, Thoracic, and Mediastinal Disorders: 1%–<10% – lung infiltration, pneumonitis, cough; 0.1%–<1% – asthma, bronchospasm, dysphonia, pulmonary arterial hypertension; <0.1% – acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary embolism. Nervous System Disorders: 1%–<10% – neuropathy (including peripheral neuropathy), dizziness, dysgeusia, somnolence; 0.1%–<1% – amnesia, tremor, syncope, balance disorder; <0.1% – convulsion, cerebrovascular accident, transient ischemic attack, optic neuritis, VIIth nerve paralysis, dementia, ataxia.
Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders: 0.1%–<1% – lymphadenopathy, lymphopenia; <0.1%– aplasia pure red cell. Investigations: 1%–<10% – weight increased, weight decreased; 0.1%–<1% – blood creatine phosphokinase increased, gamma-glutamyltransferase increased. Infections and Infestations: 1%–<10% – pneumonia (including bacterial, viral, and fungal), upper respiratory tract infection/inflammation, herpes virus infection, enterocolitis infection, sepsis (including fatal outcomes ).
Cardiac Disorders: 1%–<10% – arrhythmia (including tachycardia), palpitations; 0.1%–<1% – angina pectoris, cardiomegaly, pericarditis, ventricular arrhythmia (including ventricular tachycardia), electrocardiogram T-wave abnormal, troponin increased; <0.1% – cor pulmonale, myocarditis, acute coronary syndrome, cardiac arrest, electrocardiogram PR prolongation, coronary artery disease, pleuropericarditis. Eye Disorders: 1%–<10% – visual disorder (including visual disturbance, vision blurred, and visual acuity reduced), dry eye; 0.1%–<1% – conjunctivitis, visual impairment, lacrimation increased, <0.1% – photophobia. Vascular Disorders: 1%–<10% – flushing, hypertension; 0.1%–<1% – hypotension, thrombophlebitis, thrombosis; <0.1% – livedo reticularis, deep vein thrombosis, embolism.
Psychiatric Disorders: 1%–<10% – insomnia, depression; 0.1%–<1% – anxiety, affect lability, confusional state, libido decreased. Pregnancy, Puerperium, and Perinatal Conditions: <0.1% – abortion. Reproductive System and Breast Disorders: 0.1%–<1% – gynecomastia, menstrual disorder.
Injury, Poisoning, and Procedural Complications: 1%–<10% – contusion. Ear and Labyrinth Disorders: 1%–<10% – tinnitus; 0.1%–<1% – vertigo, hearing loss. Hepatobiliary Disorders: 0.1%–<1% – cholestasis, cholecystitis, hepatitis.
Renal and Urinary Disorders: 0.1%–<1% – urinary frequency, renal failure, proteinuria; <0.1%– renal impairment. Immune System Disorders: 0.1%–<1% – hypersensitivity (including erythema nodosum). Endocrine Disorders: 0.1%–<1% – hypothyroidism; <0.1% – hyperthyroidism, thyroiditis. 6.2 Postmarketing Experience The following adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of dasatinib.
Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Infections: hepatitis B virus reactivation Cardiac disorders: atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter Respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders: interstitial lung disease, chylothorax Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Stevens-Johnson syndrome Renal and urinary disorders: nephrotic syndrome Blood and lymphatic system disorders: thrombotic microangiopathy Hepatobiliary disorders: hepatotoxicity
| All Grades | Grade 3/4 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dasatinib (n=258) | Imatinib (n=258) | Dasatinib (n=258) | Imatinib (n=258) | |
| Adverse Reaction | Percent (%) of Patients | |||
| Fluid retention | 38 | 45 | 5 | 1 |
| Pleural effusion | 28 | 1 | 3 | 0 |
| Superficial localized edema | 14 | 38 | 0 | <1 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 5 | <1 | 1 | 0 |
| Generalized edema | 4 | 7 | 0 | 0 |
| Pericardial effusion | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Congestive heart failure/ Cardiac dysfunction a | 2 | 1 | <1 | <1 |
| Pulmonary edema | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Diarrhea | 22 | 23 | 1 | 1 |
| Musculoskeletal pain | 14 | 17 | 0 | <1 |
| Rash b | 14 | 18 | 0 | 2 |
| Headache | 14 | 11 | 0 | 0 |
| Abdominal pain | 11 | 8 | 0 | 1 |
| Fatigue | 11 | 12 | <1 | 0 |
| Nausea | 10 | 25 | 0 | 0 |
| Myalgia | 7 | 12 | 0 | 0 |
| Arthralgia | 7 | 10 | 0 | <1 |
| Hemorrhage c | 8 | 8 | 1 | 1 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 2 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
| Other bleeding d | 6 | 6 | 0 | <1 |
| CNS bleeding | <1 | <1 | 0 | <1 |
| Vomiting | 5 | 12 | 0 | 0 |
| Muscle spasms | 5 | 21 | 0 | <1 |
| 100 mg Once Daily | ||
|---|---|---|
| Chronic (n=165) | ||
| All Grades | Grade 3/4 | |
| Adverse Reaction | Percent (%) of Patients | |
| Fluid retention | 48 | 7 |
| Superficial localized edema | 22 | 0 |
| Pleural effusion | 28 | 5 |
| Generalized edema | 4 | 0 |
| Pericardial effusion | 3 | 1 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 2 | 1 |
| Headache | 33 | 1 |
| Diarrhea | 28 | 2 |
| Fatigue | 26 | 4 |
| Dyspnea | 24 | 2 |
| Musculoskeletal pain | 22 | 2 |
| Nausea | 18 | 1 |
| Skin rash a | 18 | 2 |
| Myalgia | 13 | 0 |
| Arthralgia | 13 | 1 |
| Infection (including bacterial, viral, fungal, and non-specified) | 13 | 1 |
| Abdominal pain | 12 | 1 |
| Hemorrhage | 12 | 1 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 2 | 1 |
| Pruritus | 12 | 1 |
| Pain | 11 | 1 |
| Constipation | 10 | 1 |
| Minimum of 2 Years Follow-up | Minimum of 5 Years Follow-up | Minimum of 7 Years Follow-up | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Grades | Grade 3/4 | All Grades | Grade 3/4 | All Grades | Grade 3/4 | |
| Adverse Reaction | Percent (%) of Patients | |||||
| Diarrhea | 27 | 2 | 28 | 2 | 28 | 2 |
| Fluid retention | 34 | 4 | 42 | 6 | 48 | 7 |
| Superficial edema | 18 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 22 | 0 |
| Pleural effusion | 18 | 2 | 24 | 4 | 28 | 5 |
| Generalized edema | 3 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
| Pericardial effusion | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 1 |
| Pulmonary hypertension | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 |
| Hemorrhage | 11 | 1 | 11 | 1 | 12 | 1 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| 140 mg Once Daily | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accelerated (n=157) | Myeloid Blast (n=74) | Lymphoid Blast (n=33) | ||||
| All Grades | Grade 3/4 | All Grades | Grade 3/4 | All Grades | Grade 3/4 | |
| Adverse Reaction | Percent (%) of Patients | |||||
| Fluid retention | 35 | 8 | 34 | 7 | 21 | 6 |
| Superficial localized edema | 18 | 1 | 14 | 0 | 3 | 0 |
| Pleural effusion | 21 | 7 | 20 | 7 | 21 | 6 |
| Generalized edema | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Pericardial effusion | 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Congestive heart failure/cardiac dysfunction a | 0 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Pulmonary edema | 1 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Headache | 27 | 1 | 18 | 1 | 15 | 3 |
| Diarrhea | 31 | 3 | 20 | 5 | 18 | 0 |
| Fatigue | 19 | 2 | 20 | 1 | 9 | 3 |
| Dyspnea | 20 | 3 | 15 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Musculoskeletal pain | 11 | 0 | 8 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Nausea | 19 | 1 | 23 | 1 | 21 | 3 |
| Skin rash b | 15 | 0 | 16 | 1 | 21 | 0 |
| Arthralgia | 10 | 0 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Infection (including bacterial, viral, fungal, and non-specified) | 10 | 6 | 14 | 7 | 9 | 0 |
| Hemorrhage | 26 | 8 | 19 | 9 | 24 | 9 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 8 | 6 | 9 | 7 | 9 | 3 |
| CNS bleeding | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| Vomiting | 11 | 1 | 12 | 0 | 15 | 0 |
| Pyrexia | 11 | 2 | 18 | 3 | 6 | 0 |
| Febrile neutropenia | 4 | 4 | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
| All Grades | Grade 3/4 | |
|---|---|---|
| Adverse Reaction | Percent (%) of Patients | |
| Headache | 28 | 3 |
| Nausea | 20 | 0 |
| Diarrhea | 21 | 0 |
| Skin rash | 19 | 0 |
| Vomiting | 13 | 0 |
| Pain in extremity | 19 | 1 |
| Abdominal pain | 16 | 0 |
| Fatigue | 10 | 0 |
| Arthralgia | 10 | 1 |
| Dasatinib (n=258) | Imatinib (n=258) | |
|---|---|---|
| Percent (%) of Patients | ||
| Hematology Parameters* | ||
| Neutropenia | 29 | 24 |
| Thrombocytopenia | 22 | 14 |
| Anemia | 13 | 9 |
| Biochemistry Parameters | ||
| Hypophosphatemia | 7 | 31 |
| Hypokalemia | 0 | 3 |
| Hypocalcemia | 4 | 3 |
| Elevated SGPT (ALT) | <1 | 2 |
| Elevated SGOT (AST) | <1 | 1 |
| Elevated Bilirubin | 1 | 0 |
| Elevated Creatinine | 1 | 1 |
| Chronic Phase CML 100 mg Once Daily | Advanced Phase CML 140 mg Once Daily | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n=165) | Accelerated Phase (n=157) | Myeloid Blast Phase (n=74) | Lymphoid Blast Phase (n=33) | |
| Percent (%) of Patients | ||||
| Hematology Parameters | ||||
| Neutropenia | 36 | 58 | 77 | 79 |
| Thrombocytopenia | 24 | 63 | 78 | 85 |
| Anemia | 13 | 47 | 74 | 52 |
| Biochemistry Parameters | ||||
| Hypophosphatemia | 10 | 13 | 12 | 18 |
| Hypokalemia | 2 | 7 | 11 | 15 |
| Hypocalcemia | <1 | 4 | 9 | 12 |
| Elevated SGPT (ALT) | 0 | 2 | 5 | 3 |
| Elevated SGOT (AST) | <1 | 0 | 4 | 3 |
| Elevated Bilirubin | <1 | 1 | 3 | 6 |
| Elevated Creatinine | 0 | 2 | 8 | 0 |
| Percent (%) of Patients | ||
| Adverse Reaction | All Grades | Grade 3/4 |
| Mucositis | 93 | 60 |
| Febrile neutropenia | 86 | 86 |
| Pyrexia | 85 | 17 |
| Diarrhea | 84 | 31 |
| Nausea | 84 | 11 |
| Vomiting | 83 | 17 |
| Musculoskeletal pain | 83 | 25 |
| Abdominal pain | 78 | 17 |
| Cough | 78 | 1 |
| Headache | 77 | 15 |
| Rash | 68 | 7 |
| Fatigue | 59 | 3 |
| Constipation | 57 | 1 |
| Arrhythmia | 47 | 12 |
| Hypertension | 47 | 10 |
| Edema | 47 | 6 |
| Viral infection | 40 | 12 |
| Hypotension | 40 | 26 |
| Decreased appetite | 38 | 22 |
| Hypersensitivity | 36 | 20 |
| Upper respiratory tract infection | 36 | 10 |
| Dyspnea | 35 | 10 |
| Epistaxis | 31 | 6 |
| Peripheral neuropathy | 31 | 7 |
| Sepsis (excluding fungal) | n/a | 31 |
| Altered state of consciousness | 30 | 4 |
| Fungal infection | 30 | 11 |
| Pneumonia (excluding fungal) | 28 | 25 |
| Pruritus | 28 | - |
| Clostridial infection (excluding sepsis) | 25 | 14 |
| Urinary Tract Infection | 24 | 14 |
| Bacteremia (excluding fungal) | 22 | 20 |
| Erythema | 22 | 6 |
| Chills | 21 | - |
| Pleural effusion | 21 | 9 |
| Sinusitis | 21 | 10 |
| Dehydration | 20 | 9 |
| Renal insufficiency | 20 | 9 |
| Visual impairment | 20 | - |
| Percent (%) of Patients | |
| Hematology Parameters | |
| Neutropenia | 96 |
| Thrombocytopenia | 88 |
| Anemia | 82 |
| Biochemistry Parameters | |
| Elevated SGPT (ALT) | 47 |
| Hypokalemia | 40 |
| Elevated SGOT (AST) | 26 |
| Hypocalcemia | 19 |
| Hyponatremia | 19 |
| Elevated Bilirubin | 11 |
| Hypophosphatemia | 11 |
| Toxicity grading is per CTCAE version 4. | |
Warnings & Cautions for Phyrago
5. WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Myelosuppression and Bleeding Events: Severe thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and anemia may occur. Use caution if used concomitantly with medications that inhibit platelet function or anticoagulants.
Monitor complete blood counts regularly. Transfuse and interrupt PHYRAGO when indicated. Fluid Retention: Fluid retention, sometimes severe, including pleural effusions.
Manage with supportive care measures and/or dose modification. Cardiovascular Toxicity: Monitor patients for signs or symptoms and treat appropriately. Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH): PHYRAGO may increase the risk of developing PAH which may be reversible on discontinuation.
Consider baseline risk and evaluate patients for signs and symptoms of PAH during treatment. Stop PHYRAGO if PAH is confirmed. QT Prolongation: Use PHYRAGO with caution in patients who have or may develop prolongation of the QT interval.
Severe Dermatologic Reactions: Individual cases of severe mucocutaneous dermatologic reactions have been reported. Tumor Lysis Syndrome: Tumor lysis syndrome has been reported. Maintain adequate hydration and correct uric acid levels prior to initiating therapy with PHYRAGO.
Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: Can cause fetal harm. Advise patients of reproductive potential of potential risk to fetus and to use effective contraception. Effects on Growth and Development in Pediatric Patients: Epiphyses delayed fusion, osteopenia, growth retardation, and gynecomastia have been reported.
Monitor bone growth and development in pediatric patients. Hepatotoxicity: Assess liver function before initiation of treatment and monthly thereafter or as clinically indicated. Monitor liver function when combined with chemotherapy known to be associated with liver dysfunction. 5.1 Myelosuppression Treatment with dasatinib is associated with severe (NCI CTCAE Grade 3 or 4) thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, and anemia, which occur earlier and more frequently in patients with advanced phase CML or Ph+ ALL than in patients with chronic phase CML.
In patients with chronic phase CML, perform complete blood counts (CBCs) every 2 weeks for 12 weeks, then every 3 months thereafter, or as clinically indicated. In patients with advanced phase CML or Ph+ ALL, perform CBCs weekly for the first 2 months and then monthly thereafter, or as clinically indicated. In pediatric patients with Ph+ ALL treated with PHYRAGO in combination with chemotherapy, perform CBCs prior to the start of each block of chemotherapy and as clinically indicated.
During the consolidation blocks of chemotherapy, perform CBCs every 2 days until recovery. Myelosuppression is generally reversible; withhold, reduce, or discontinue PHYRAGO based on severity. 5.2 Bleeding-Related Events PHYRAGO can cause serious and fatal bleeding. In all CML or Ph+ ALL clinical studies, Grade ≥3 central nervous system (CNS) hemorrhages, including fatalities, occurred in <1% of patients receiving dasatinib.
The incidence of Grade 3/4 hemorrhage occurred in 5.8% of adult patients and generally required treatment interruptions and transfusions. The most frequent site of hemorrhage was gastrointestinal. Most bleeding events in clinical studies were associated with severe thrombocytopenia.
In addition to causing thrombocytopenia in human subjects, dasatinib caused platelet dysfunction in vitro. Concomitant medications that inhibit platelet function or anticoagulants may increase the risk of hemorrhage. 5.3 Fluid Retention PHYRAGO may cause fluid retention. In adult patients with newly diagnosed or imatinib-resistant or -intolerant chronic phase CML, Grade 3 or 4 fluid retention occurred in 6% of patients treated with dasatinib at the recommended dose (n=548).
In pediatric patients with chronic phase CML, cases of Grade 1 or 2 fluid retention were reported in 10.3% of patients. Evaluate patients who develop symptoms of pleural effusion or other fluid retention, such as new or worsened dyspnea on exertion or at rest, pleuritic chest pain, or dry cough, promptly with a chest x-ray or additional diagnostic imaging as appropriate. Fluid retention events were typically managed by supportive care measures that may include diuretics or short courses of steroids.
Severe pleural effusion may require thoracentesis and oxygen therapy. Consider dose reduction or treatment interruption. 5.4 Cardiovascular Toxicity PHYRAGO can cause cardiac dysfunction. Two cases (0.8%) of peripheral arterial occlusive disease occurred with imatinib and 2 (0.8%) transient ischemic attacks occurred with dasatinib.
Monitor patients for signs or symptoms consistent with cardiac dysfunction and treat appropriately. 5.5 Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension PHYRAGO may increase the risk of developing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in adult and pediatric patients which may occur any time after initiation, including after more than 1 year of treatment. Manifestations include dyspnea, fatigue, hypoxia, and fluid retention. Evaluate patients for signs and symptoms of underlying cardiopulmonary disease prior to initiating PHYRAGO and during treatment.
If PAH is confirmed, PHYRAGO should be permanently discontinued. 5.6 QT Prolongation PHYRAGO may increase the risk of prolongation of QTc in patients including those with hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia, patients with congenital long QT syndrome, patients taking antiarrhythmic medicines or other medicinal products that lead to QT prolongation, and cumulative high-dose anthracycline therapy. Discontinue permanently in patients who experience a severe mucocutaneous reaction during treatment if no other etiology can be identified. 5.8 Tumor Lysis Syndrome Tumor lysis syndrome has been reported in patients with resistance to prior imatinib therapy, primarily in advanced phase disease. Patients with advanced stage disease and/or high tumor burden may be at increased risk and should be monitored more frequently. 5.9 Embryo-Fetal Toxicity Based on limited human data, dasatinib can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman.
Adverse pharmacologic effects of dasatinib, including hydrops fetalis, fetal leukopenia, and fetal thrombocytopenia have been reported with maternal exposure to dasatinib. Advise females of reproductive potential and males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with PHYRAGO and for 30 days after the last dose. 5.10 Effects on Growth and Development in Pediatric Patients In pediatric trials of dasatinib in chronic phase CML after at least 2 years of treatment, adverse reactions associated with bone growth and development were reported in 5 (5.2%) patients, one of which was severe in intensity (Growth Retardation Grade 3). These 5 cases included cases of epiphyses delayed fusion, osteopenia, growth retardation, and gynecomastia.
Of these 5 cases, 1 case of osteopenia and 1 case of gynecomastia resolved during treatment. Monitor transaminases at baseline and monthly or as clinically indicated during treatment. Reduce dose, withhold, or permanently discontinue PHYRAGO based on severity.
When dasatinib is administered in combination with chemotherapy, liver toxicity in the form of transaminase elevation and hyperbilirubinemia has been observed. Monitor hepatic function when PHYRAGO is used in combination with chemotherapy.
Drug Interactions with Phyrago
7. DRUG INTERACTIONS Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors: Dose reduction may be necessary. Strong CYP3A4 Inducers: Dose increase may be necessary.
Antacids: Avoid concomitant use. 7.1 Effect of Other Drugs on Dasatinib Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors The coadministration with strong CYP3A inhibitors may increase dasatinib concentrations. Increased dasatinib concentrations may increase the risk of toxicity. Avoid concomitant use of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors.
If concomitant administration of a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor cannot be avoided, consider a dose reduction. Strong CYP3A4 Inducers The coadministration of PHYRAGO with strong CYP3A inducers may decrease dasatinib concentrations. Decreased dasatinib concentrations may reduce efficacy.
Consider alternative drugs with less enzyme induction potential. If concomitant administration of a strong CYP3A4 inducer cannot be avoided, consider a dose increase. Antacids Avoid concomitant use of PHYRAGO with antacids.
If concomitant use of an antacid cannot be avoided, administer the antacid at least 2 hours prior to or 2 hours after the dose of PHYRAGO. Concomitant use with antacids decreases dasatinib plasma concentrations, which may reduce PHYRAGO efficacy.
Pregnancy Safety for Phyrago
- Pregnancy Risk Summary Based on limited human data, PHYRAGO can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Adverse pharmacologic effects including hydrops fetalis, fetal leukopenia, and fetal thrombocytopenia have been reported with maternal exposure to dasatinib. Animal reproduction studies in rats have demonstrated extensive mortality during organogenesis, the fetal period, and in neonates. Skeletal malformations were observed in a limited number of surviving rat and rabbit conceptuses. These findings occurred at dasatinib plasma concentrations below those in humans receiving therapeutic doses of dasatinib. Advise a pregnant woman of the potential risk to a fetus. Clinical Considerations Fetal/Neonatal Adverse Reactions Transplacental transfer of dasatinib has been reported. Dasatinib has been measured in fetal plasma and amniotic fluid at concentrations comparable to those in maternal plasma. Hydrops fetalis, fetal leukopenia, and fetal thrombocytopenia have been reported with maternal exposure to dasatinib. These adverse pharmacologic effects on the fetus are similar to adverse reactions observed in adult patients and may result in fetal harm or neonatal death. Data Human Data Based on human experience, dasatinib is suspected to cause congenital malformations, including neural tube defects, and harmful pharmacological effects on the fetus when administered during pregnancy. Animal Data In nonclinical studies at plasma concentrations below those observed in humans receiving therapeutic doses of dasatinib, embryo-fetal toxicities were observed in rats and rabbits. Fetal death was observed in rats. In both rats and rabbits, the lowest doses of dasatinib tested (rat: 2.5 mg/kg/day and rabbit: 0.5 mg/kg/day ) resulted in embryo-fetal toxicities. These doses produced maternal AUCs of 105 ng
- H/mL and 44 ng
- H/mL (0.1-fold the human AUC) in rats and rabbits, respectively. Embryo-fetal toxicities included skeletal malformations at multiple sites (scapula, humerus, femur, radius, ribs, and clavicle), reduced ossification (sternum; thoracic, lumbar, and sacral vertebrae; forepaw phalanges; pelvis; and hyoid body), edema, and microhepatia. In a pre- and postnatal development study in rats, administration of dasatinib from gestation day (GD) 16 through lactation day (LD) 20, GD 21 through LD 20, or LD 4 through LD 20 resulted in extensive pup mortality at maternal exposures that were below the exposures in patients treated with dasatinib at the recommended labeling dose.
Pediatric Use of Phyrago
Pediatric Use Ph+ CML in Chronic Phase The safety and effectiveness of dasatinib monotherapy have been demonstrated in pediatric patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase CML. There are no data in children under 1 year of age. Adverse reactions associated with bone growth and development were reported in 5 (5.2%) of patients.
Ph+ ALL The safety and effectiveness of dasatinib in combination with chemotherapy have been demonstrated in pediatric patients one year and over with newly diagnosed Ph+ ALL. Use of dasatinib in pediatric patients is supported by evidence from one pediatric study. One case of grade 1 osteopenia was reported.
The safety profile of dasatinib in pediatric subjects was comparable to that reported in studies in adult subjects. Monitor bone growth and development in pediatric patients. Pediatric Patients with Difficulty Swallowing Tablets Five patients with Ph+ ALL 2 to 10 years of age received at least one dose of dasatinib tablet dispersed in juice on Study CA180372.
The exposure for dispersed tablets was 36% lower as compared to intact tablets in pediatric patients. Due to unavailable clinical data, it is unclear whether dispersing PHYRAGO tablets significantly alters the safety and/or efficacy of PHYRAGO.
Contraindications for Phyrago
4. CONTRAINDICATIONS None. None.
Overdosage Information for Phyrago
10. OVERDOSAGE Experience with overdose of dasatinib in clinical studies is limited to isolated cases. The highest overdosage of 280 mg per day for 1 week was reported in two patients and both developed severe myelosuppression and bleeding.
Since dasatinib is associated with severe myelosuppression, monitor patients who ingest more than the recommended dosage closely for myelosuppression and give appropriate supportive treatment. Acute overdose in animals was associated with cardiotoxicity. Evidence of cardiotoxicity included ventricular necrosis and valvular/ventricular/atrial hemorrhage at single doses ≥100 mg/kg (600 mg/m 2 ) in rodents.
There was a tendency for increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure in monkeys at single doses ≥10 mg/kg (120 mg/m 2 ).
Clinical Studies of Phyrago
14. CLINICAL STUDIES 14.1 Newly Diagnosed Chronic Phase CML in Adults DASISION (Dasatinib vs Imatinib Study in Treatment-Naive Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients) ( NCT00481247 ) was an open-label, multicenter, international, randomized trial conducted in adult patients with newly diagnosed chronic phase CML. A total of 519 patients were randomized to receive either dasatinib 100 mg once daily or imatinib 400 mg once daily.
Patients with a history of cardiac disease were included in this trial except those who had a myocardial infarction within 6 months, congestive heart failure within 3 months, significant arrhythmias, or QTc prolongation. The primary endpoint was the rate of confirmed complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) within 12 months. Confirmed CCyR was defined as a CCyR noted on two consecutive occasions (at least 28 days apart).
There were slightly more male than female patients in both groups (59% vs 41%). Fifty-three percent of all patients were Caucasian and 39% were Asian. With a minimum of 12 months follow-up, 85% of patients randomized to dasatinib and 81% of patients randomized to imatinib were still on study.
Efficacy results are summarized in Table 16. Table 16: Efficacy Results in a Randomized Newly Diagnosed Chronic Phase CML Trial noted on two consecutive occasions at least 28 days apart. b Major molecular response (at any time) was defined as BCR-ABL ratios ≤0.1% by RQ-PCR in peripheral blood samples standardized on the International scale. These are cumulative rates representing minimum follow up for the time frame specified. Adjusted for Hasford score and indicated statistical significance at a pre-defined nominal level of significance.
CI = confidence interval. The estimated 60-month survival rates for dasatinib- and imatinib-treated patients were respectively. Based on data 5 years after the last patient was enrolled in the trial, 83% and 77% of patients were known to be alive in the dasatinib and imatinib treatment groups, respectively, 10% were known to have died in both treatment groups, and 7% and 13% had unknown survival status in the dasatinib and imatinib treatment groups, respectively.
At 60 months follow-up in the dasatinib arm, the rate of MMR at any time in each risk group determined by Hasford score was 90% (low risk), 71% (intermediate risk) and 67% (high risk). In the imatinib arm, the rate of MMR at any time in each risk group determined by Hasford score was 69% (low risk), 65% (intermediate risk), and 54% (high risk). BCR-ABL sequencing was performed on blood samples from patients in the newly diagnosed trial who discontinued dasatinib or imatinib therapy.
Among dasatinib-treated patients the mutations detected were T315I, F317I/L, and V299L. Dasatinib does not appear to be active against the T315I mutation, based on in vitro data. 14.2 Imatinib-Resistant or -Intolerant CML or Ph+ ALL in Adults The efficacy and safety of dasatinib were investigated in adult patients with CML or Ph+ ALL whose disease was resistant to or who were intolerant to imatinib: 1158 patients had chronic phase CML, 858 patients had accelerated phase, myeloid blast phase, or lymphoid blast phase CML, and 130 patients had Ph+ ALL. In a clinical trial in chronic phase CML, resistance to imatinib was defined as failure to achieve a complete hematologic response (CHR; after 3 months), major cytogenetic response (MCyR; after 6 months), or complete cytogenetic response (CCyR; after 12 months); or loss of a previous molecular response (with concurrent ≥10% increase in Ph+ metaphases), cytogenetic response, or hematologic response.
Imatinib intolerance was defined as inability to tolerate 400 mg or more of imatinib per day or discontinuation of imatinib because of toxicity. Results described below are based on a minimum of 2 years follow-up after the start of dasatinib therapy in patients with a median time from initial diagnosis of approximately 5 years. Most patients had long disease histories with extensive prior treatment, including imatinib, cytotoxic chemotherapy, interferon, and stem cell transplant.
Overall, 80% of patients had imatinib-resistant disease and 20% of patients were intolerant to imatinib. The primary efficacy endpoint in chronic phase CML was MCyR, defined as elimination (CCyR) or substantial diminution (by at least 65%, partial cytogenetic response) of Ph+ hematopoietic cells. The primary efficacy endpoint in accelerated phase, myeloid blast phase, lymphoid blast phase CML, and Ph+ ALL was major hematologic response (MaHR), defined as either a CHR or no evidence of leukemia (NEL).
Chronic Phase CML Dose-Optimization Trial: A randomized, open-label trial ( NCT00123474 ) was conducted in adult patients with chronic phase CML to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dasatinib administered once daily compared with dasatinib administered twice daily. Patients with significant cardiac diseases, including myocardial infarction within 6 months, congestive heart failure within 3 months, significant arrhythmias, or QTc prolongation were excluded from the trial. The primary efficacy endpoint was MCyR in patients with imatinib-resistant CML.
Median duration of treatment was 22 months. Efficacy was achieved across all dasatinib treatment groups with the once-daily schedule demonstrating comparable efficacy (non-inferiority) to the twice-daily schedule on the primary efficacy endpoint (difference in MCyR 1.9%; 95% CI ); however, the 100-mg once-daily regimen demonstrated improved safety and tolerability. Efficacy results are presented in Tables 17 and 18 for adult patients with chronic phase CML who received the recommended starting dose of 100 mg once daily.
Table 17: Efficacy of Dasatinib in Adult Patients with Imatinib-Resistant or -Intolerant Chronic Phase CML minimum of a CHR (response confirmed after 4 weeks): WBC ≤ institutional ULN, platelets <450,000/mm 3, no blasts or promyelocytes in peripheral blood, <5% myelocytes plus metamyelocytes in peripheral blood, basophils in peripheral blood <20%, and no extramedullary involvement. b MCyR combines both complete (0% Ph+ metaphases) and partial (>0%–35%) responses. Table 18: Long-Term MMR of Dasatinib in the Dose Optimization Trial: Adult Patients with Imatinib-Resistant or -Intolerant Chronic Phase CML a a Results reported in recommended starting dose of 100 mg once daily. b Major molecular response criteria: Defined as BCR-ABL/control transcripts ≤0.1% by RQ-PCR in peripheral blood samples. By 7 years, transformation to either accelerated or blast phase occurred in nine patients on treatment in the 100 mg once-daily treatment group.
Advanced Phase CML and Ph+ ALL Dose-Optimization Trial: One randomized open-label trial ( NCT00123487 ) was conducted in patients with advanced phase CML (accelerated phase CML, myeloid blast phase CML, or lymphoid blast phase CML) to evaluate the efficacy and safety of dasatinib administered once daily compared with dasatinib administered twice daily. The primary efficacy endpoint was MaHR. A total of 611 patients were randomized to either the dasatinib 140 mg once-daily or 70 mg twice-daily group.
Median duration of treatment was approximately 6 months for both treatment groups. Response rates for patients in the 140 mg once-daily group are presented in Table 19. Table 19: Efficacy of Dasatinib in Imatinib-Resistant or -Intolerant Advanced Phase CML and Ph+ ALL (Two-Year Results) a Hematologic response criteria (all responses confirmed after 4 weeks): Major hematologic response: (MaHR) = complete hematologic response (CHR) + no evidence of leukemia (NEL).
CI = confidence interval ULN = upper limit of normal range. In patients with Ph+ ALL who were treated with dasatinib 140 mg once-daily, the median duration of MaHR was 4.6 months (min-max: 1.4-10.2). Among 97 patients with chronic phase CML treated in two pediatric studies, an open-label, non-randomized dose-ranging trial (NCT00306202) and an open-label, non-randomized, single-arm trial (NCT00777036), 51 patients (exclusively from the single-arm trial) had newly diagnosed chronic phase CML and 46 patients (17 from the dose-ranging trial and 29 from the single-arm trial) were resistant or intolerant to previous treatment with imatinib.
Patients were treated until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Efficacy results for the two pediatric studies are summarized in Table 20. Table 20 shows increasing trend for response for CCyR, MCyR, and MMR across time (3 months to 24 months).
The increasing trend in response for all three endpoints is seen in both the newly diagnosed and imatinib resistant or intolerant patients. Table 20: Efficacy of Dasatinib in Pediatric Patients with CP-CML Cumulative Response Over Time by Minimum Follow-Up Period Patients from pediatric study of newly diagnosed CP-CML receiving oral tablet formulation Patients from pediatric studies of imatinib-resistant or -intolerant CP-CML receiving oral tablet formulation With a median follow-up of 4.5 years in newly diagnosed patients, the median durations of CCyR, MCyR, MMR could not be estimated as more than half of the responding patients had not progressed at the time of data cut-off. In the Phase II pediatric study, 1 newly diagnosed patient and 2 imatinib-resistant or -intolerant patients progressed to blast phase CML. 14.4 Ph+ ALL in Pediatric Patients The efficacy of dasatinib in combination with chemotherapy was evaluated in a single cohort (cohort 1) of Study CA180372 (NCT01460160), a multicenter, multiple-cohort study of pediatric patients with newly diagnosed B-cell precursor Ph+ ALL.
The backbone chemotherapy regimen was the AIEOP-BFM ALL 2000 multi-agent chemotherapy protocol. Eighty-two percent of patients were white, and 55% were male. Efficacy was established on the basis of 3-year event-free survival (EFS), defined as the time from the start of dasatinib to lack of complete response at the end of the third high risk block, relapse, secondary malignancy, or death from any cause.
The 3-year EFS binary rate for patients on Study CA180372 was
| Dasatinib (n=259) | Imatinib (n=260) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Confirmed CCyR a Within 12 months (95%CI) P-value | 76.8% (71.2-81.8) | 0.007 | 66.2% (60.1-71.9) |
| Major Molecular Response b 12 months (95% CI) P-value | 52.1% (45.9-58.3) | <0.0001 | 33.8% (28.1-39.9) |
| 60 months (95% CI) | 76.4% (70.8-81.5) | 64.2% (58.1-70.1) |
| All Patients | 100 mg Once Daily (n=167) |
|---|---|
| Hematologic Response Rate % (95% CI) | |
| CHR a | 92% (86-95) |
| Cytogenetic Response Rate % (95% CI) | |
| MCyR b | 63% (56-71) |
| CCyR | 50% (42-58) |
| Minimum Follow-up Period | |||
| 2 Years | 5 Years | 7 Years | |
| Major Molecular Response b % (n/N) | |||
| All Patients Randomized | 34% (57/167) | 43% (71/167) | 44% (73/167) |
| Imatinib-Resistant Patients | 33% (41/124) | 40% (50/124) | 41% (51/124) |
| Imatinib-Intolerant Patients | 37% (16/43) | 49% (21/43) | 51% (22/43) |
| 140 mg Once Daily | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Accelerated (n=158) | Myeloid Blast (n=75) | Lymphoid Blast (n=33) | Ph+ ALL (n=40) | |
| MaHR a | 66% | 28% | 42% | 38% |
| (95% CI) | (59-74) | (18-40) | (26-61) | (23-54) |
| CHR a (95% CI) | 47% (40-56) | 17% (10-28) | 21% (9-39) | 33% (19-49) |
| NEL a | 19% | 11% | 21% | 5% |
| (95% CI) | (13-26) | (5-20) | (9-39) | (1-17) |
| MCyR b | 39% | 28% | 52% | 70% |
| (95% CI) | (31-47) | (18-40) | (34-69) | (54-83) |
| CCyR | 32% | 17% | 39% | 50% |
| (95% CI) | (25-40) | (10-28) | (23-58) | (34-66) |
| 3 months | 6 months | 12 months | 24 months | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CCyR (95% CI) | ||||
| Newly diagnosed (N = 51) | 43.1% (29.3, 57.8) | 66.7% (52.1, 79.2) | 96.1% (86.5, 99.5) | 96.1% (86.5, 99.5) |
| Prior imatinib (N = 46) | 45.7% (30.9, 61.0) | 71.7% (56.5, 84.0) | 78.3% (63.6, 89.1) | 82.6% (68.6, 92.2) |
| MCyR (95% CI) | ||||
| Newly diagnosed (N = 51) | 60.8% (46.1, 74.2) | 90.2% (78.6, 96.7) | 98.0% (89.6, 100) | 98.0% (89.6, 100) |
| Prior imatinib (N = 46) | 60.9% (45.4, 74.9) | 82.6% (68.6, 92.2) | 89.1% (76.4, 96.4) | 89.1% (76.4, 96.4) |
| MMR (95% CI) | ||||
| Newly diagnosed (N = 51) | 7.8% (2.2, 18.9) | 31.4% (19.1, 45.9) | 56.9% (42.2, 70.7) | 74.5% (60.4, 85.7) |
| Prior imatinib (N = 46) | 15.2% (6.3, 28.9) | 26.1% (14.3, 41.1) | 39.1% (25.1, 54.6) | 52.2% (36.9, 67.1) |
Drug information sourced from the FDA. This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional before making any medication decisions.
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