Opdualag Drug Information
Generic name: NIVOLUMAB AND RELATLIMAB-RMBW
Programmed Death Receptor-1 Blocking Antibody [EPC] Lymphocyte Activation Gene-3 Blocker [EPC]
Uses of Opdualag
OPDUALAG™ is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients 12 years of age or older with unresectable or metastatic melanoma.
Dosage & Administration of Opdualag
Recommended Dosage
The recommended dosage of OPDUALAG for adult patients and pediatric patients 12 years of age or older who weigh at least 40 kg is 480 mg nivolumab and 160 mg relatlimab administered intravenously every 4 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurs. The recommended dosage for pediatric patients 12 years of age or older who weigh less than 40 kg has not been established.
Dosage Modifications
No dose reduction for OPDUALAG is recommended. In general, withhold OPDUALAG for severe (Grade 3) immune-mediated adverse reactions (IMARs). Permanently discontinue OPDUALAG for life-threatening (Grade 4) IMARs, recurrent severe (Grade 3) IMARs that require systemic immunosuppressive treatment, or an inability to reduce corticosteroid dose to 10 mg or less of prednisone or equivalent per day within 12 weeks of initiating steroids.
Dosage modifications for adverse reactions that require management different from these general guidelines are summarized in Table 1. Table 1: Recommended Dosage Modifications for
Preparation and Administration OPDUALAG is a fixed-dose combination of nivolumab and relatlimab. Visually inspect the solution in the drug product vial for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration. OPDUALAG is a clear to opalescent, colorless to slightly yellow solution.
Discard the vial if the solution is cloudy, discolored, or contains extraneous particulate matter other than a few translucent-to-white particles. Preparation • During preparation of the infusion solution, use aseptic technique to assure sterility, as the product does not contain a preservative. • OPDUALAG can be administered diluted or undiluted and administered at a final concentration as specified in Table 2 below. • Withdraw the required volume of OPDUALAG and transfer into an intravenous container. OPDUALAG is compatible with di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP)-plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA), and polyolefin (PO) intravenous bags. • If diluting OPDUALAG prior to administration: - Dilute OPDUALAG solution with 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP or 5% Dextrose Injection, USP to prepare an infusion meeting the final concentration and maximum infusion volume parameters as specified in Table 2 below. - Then mix the diluted solution by gentle inversion.
Do not shake. • Discard partially used vials or empty vials following infusion preparation. Table 2: Maximum Infusion Volumes and Concentration Ranges by Storage of Prepared Solution Store the prepared solution either: • at room temperature and room light for no more than 8 hours from the time of preparation to the end of the infusion. Discard the prepared solution if not used within 8 hours from the time of preparation; -or- under refrigeration at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F) with protection from light for no more than 24 hours from the time of preparation, which includes the time allowed for equilibration of the infusion bag to room temperature and the duration of the infusion.
Do not freeze. Administration • Administer the infusion over 30 minutes through an intravenous line containing a sterile, non-pyrogenic, low protein binding in-line polyethersulfone (PES), nylon, or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) filter (pore size of 0.2 micrometer to 1.2 micrometer). • Flush the intravenous line at the end of the infusion. • Do not coadminister other drugs through the same intravenous line.
| Based on National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, Version 5.0. a Resume in patients with complete or partial resolution (Grade 0 to 1) after corticosteroid taper. Permanently discontinue if no complete or partial resolution within 12 weeks of last dose or inability to reduce prednisone to 10 mg per day (or equivalent) or less within 12 weeks of initiating steroids. b Depending on clinical severity, consider withholding for Grade 2 endocrinopathy until symptom improvement with hormone replacement. Resume once acute symptoms have resolved. ALT = alanine aminotransferase, AST = aspartate aminotransferase, DRESS = Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms, SJS = Stevens Johnson Syndrome, TEN = toxic epidermal necrolysis, ULN = upper limit normal | |||
| Adverse Reaction | Severity* | Dose Modification | |
| Immune-Mediated Adverse Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ] | |||
| Pneumonitis | Grade 2 | Withhold a | |
| Grade 3 or 4 | Permanently discontinue | ||
| Colitis | Grade 2 or 3 | Withhold a | |
| Grade 4 | Permanently discontinue | ||
| Hepatitis | AST/ALT increases to more than 3 and up to 8 times ULN or Total bilirubin increases to more than 1.5 and up to 3 times ULN. | Withhold a | |
| AST or ALT increases to more than 8 times ULN regardless of baseline. or Total bilirubin increases to more than 3 times ULN. | Permanently discontinue | ||
| Endocrinopathies b | Grade 3 or 4 | Withhold until clinically stable or permanently discontinue depending on severity | |
| Nephritis with Renal Dysfunction | Grade 2 or 3 increased blood creatinine | Withhold a | |
| Grade 4 increased blood creatinine | Permanently discontinue | ||
| Exfoliative Dermatologic Conditions | Suspected SJS, TEN, or DRESS | Withhold | |
| Confirmed SJS, TEN, or DRESS | Permanently discontinue | ||
| Myocarditis | Grade 2, 3, or 4 | Permanently discontinue | |
| Neurological Toxicities | Grade 2 | Withhold a | |
| Grade 3 or 4 | Permanently discontinue | ||
| Other Adverse Reactions | |||
| Infusion-Related Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2) ] | Grade 1 or 2 | Interrupt or slow the rate of infusion | |
| Grade 3 or 4 | Permanently discontinue | ||
| The concentration range in each group includes 12 mg/mL nivolumab and 4 mg/mL relatlimab as the upper limit, which represents a scenario in which the drug product is infused without dilution. | ||
| Patient Group | Maximum Infusion Volume (mL or mL/kg) | Concentration Range (mg/mL) |
| Adult patients who weigh at least 40 kg and pediatric patients 12 years of age or older who weigh at least 40 kg | 160 mL | Nivolumab: 3 mg/mL to 12 mg/mL Relatlimab: 1 mg/mL to 4 mg/mL |
| Adult patients who weigh less than 40 kg | 4 mL/kg | Nivolumab: 3 mg/mL to 12 mg/mL Relatlimab: 1 mg/mL to 4 mg/mL |
Side Effects of Opdualag
Clinical Trials Experience
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The safety of OPDUALAG was evaluated in RELATIVITY-047, a randomized (1:1), double-blinded trial in 714 patients with previously untreated metastatic or unresectable melanoma. Patients were treated with OPDUALAG or nivolumab until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity.
Serious adverse reactions occurred in 36% of patients treated with OPDUALAG. Fatal adverse reaction occurred in 3 (0.8%) patients who were treated with OPDUALAG; these included hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, acute edema of the lung, and pneumonitis. OPDUALAG was permanently discontinued due to adverse reactions in 18% of patients.
Adverse reactions which resulted in permanent discontinuation of OPDUALAG in ≥1% of patients included myocarditis (1.7%) and pneumonitis (1.4%). Dosage interruptions due to an adverse reaction occurred in 43% of patients who received OPDUALAG. Tables 3 and 4 summarize both the adverse reactions and laboratory abnormalities, respectively, in RELATIVITY-047.
Table 3: 0 Clinically relevant adverse reactions in <15% of patients who received OPDUALAG included vitiligo, adrenal insufficiency, myocarditis, and hepatitis. Table 4: Laboratory Abnormalities (≥15%) That Worsened from Baseline a in Patients Who Received OPDUALAG in RELATIVITY-047
| Toxicity was graded per NCI CTCAE v5. a Includes multiple terms. | ||||
| Adverse Reaction | OPDUALAG (n=355) | Nivolumab (n=359) | ||
| All Grades (%) | Grades 3-4 (%) | All Grades (%) | Grades 3-4 (%) | |
| Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue | ||||
| Musculoskeletal pain a | 45 | 4.2 | 31 | 1.7 |
| General | ||||
| Fatigue a | 39 | 2 | 29 | 0.6 |
| Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue | ||||
| Rash a | 28 | 1.4 | 21 | 1.9 |
| Pruritus | 25 | 0 | 17 | 0.6 |
| Gastrointestinal | ||||
| Diarrhea a | 24 | 2 | 17 | 1.4 |
| Nausea | 17 | 0.6 | 14 | 0 |
| Nervous System | ||||
| Headache a | 18 | 0.3 | 12 | 0.3 |
| Endocrine | ||||
| Hypothyroidism a | 17 | 0 | 14 | 0 |
| Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders | ||||
| Decreased appetite | 15 | 0.6 | 7 | 0.3 |
| Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders | ||||
| Cough a | 15 | 0.3 | 11 | 0 |
| a Each test incidence is based on the number of patients who had both baseline and at least one on-study laboratory measurement available: OPDUALAG group (range: 280 to 342 patients) and nivolumab group (range: 276 to 345 patients). | ||||
| Laboratory Abnormality | OPDUALAG a | Nivolumab a | ||
| Grades 1-4 (%) | Grades 3-4 (%) | Grades 1-4 (%) | Grades 3-4 (%) | |
| Chemistry | ||||
| Increased AST | 30 | 2.3 | 22 | 1.4 |
| Increased ALT | 26 | 3.2 | 25 | 2 |
| Decreased sodium | 24 | 1.2 | 21 | 0.6 |
| Increased alkaline phosphatase | 19 | 0.6 | 17 | 0.9 |
| Increased creatinine | 19 | 0 | 16 | 0 |
| Hematology | ||||
| Decreased hemoglobin | 37 | 2.7 | 31 | 3.5 |
| Decreased lymphocytes | 32 | 2.5 | 24 | 2.9 |
Warnings & Cautions for Opdualag
Severe and Fatal Immune-Mediated Adverse Reactions
OPDUALAG potentially breaks peripheral tolerance and induces immune-mediated adverse reactions (IMARs). Important IMARs listed under Warnings and Precautions may not include all possible severe and fatal IMARs. IMARs, which may be severe or fatal, can occur in any organ system or tissue.
IMARs can occur at any time after starting treatment with a LAG-3 and PD-1/PD-L1 blocking antibodies. While IMARs usually manifest during treatment, IMARs can also manifest after discontinuation. Early identification and management of IMARs are essential to ensure safe use.
Monitor patients closely for symptoms and signs that may be clinical manifestations of underlying IMARs. Evaluate liver enzymes, creatinine, and thyroid function at baseline and periodically during treatment. In cases of suspected IMARs, initiate appropriate workup to exclude alternative etiologies, including infection.
Institute medical management promptly, including specialty consultation as appropriate. Withhold or permanently discontinue OPDUALAG depending on severity. In general, if OPDUALAG requires interruption or discontinuation, administer systemic corticosteroid therapy (1 to 2 mg/kg/day prednisone or equivalent) until improvement to Grade 1 or less.
Upon improvement to Grade 1 or less, initiate corticosteroid taper and continue to taper over at least 1 month. Consider administration of other systemic immunosuppressants in patients whose IMARs are not controlled with corticosteroid therapy. Toxicity management guidelines for adverse reactions that do not necessarily require systemic steroids (e.g., endocrinopathies and dermatologic reactions) are discussed below.
Immune-Mediated Pneumonitis OPDUALAG can cause immune-mediated pneumonitis, which may be fatal. In patients treated with other PD-1/PD-L1 blocking antibodies, the incidence of pneumonitis is higher in patients who have received prior thoracic radiation. Pneumonitis led to permanent discontinuation of OPDUALAG in 0.8% and withholding of OPDUALAG in 1.4% of patients.
Systemic corticosteroids were required in 100% (13/13) of patients with pneumonitis. Pneumonitis resolved in 85% of the 13 patients. Of the 5 patients in whom OPDUALAG was withheld for pneumonitis, 5 reinitiated OPDUALAG after symptom improvement; of these, none had recurrence of pneumonitis.
Immune-Mediated Colitis OPDUALAG can cause immune-mediated colitis, defined as requiring use of corticosteroids and no clear alternate etiology. A common symptom included in the definition of colitis was diarrhea. Cytomegalovirus infection/reactivation has been reported in patients with corticosteroid-refractory immune-mediated colitis.
In cases of corticosteroid-refractory colitis, consider repeating infectious workup to exclude alternative etiologies. Colitis led to permanent discontinuation of OPDUALAG in 2% and withholding of OPDUALAG in 2.8% of patients. Systemic corticosteroids were required in 100% (24/24) of patients with diarrhea or colitis.
Colitis resolved in 83% of the 24 patients. Of the 10 patients in whom OPDUALAG was withheld for colitis, 9 reinitiated OPDUALAG after symptom improvement; of these, 67% had recurrence of colitis. Hepatitis led to permanent discontinuation of OPDUALAG in 1.7% and withholding of OPDUALAG in 2.3% of patients.
Systemic corticosteroids were required in 100% (20/20) of patients with hepatitis. Hepatitis resolved in 70% of the 20 patients. Of the 8 patients in whom OPDUALAG was withheld for hepatitis, 6 reinitiated OPDUALAG after symptom improvement; of these, 50% had recurrence of hepatitis.
Immune-Mediated Endocrinopathies Adrenal Insufficiency OPDUALAG can cause primary or secondary adrenal insufficiency. For Grade 2 or higher adrenal insufficiency, initiate symptomatic treatment, including hormone replacement as clinically indicated. Withhold OPDUALAG depending on severity.
Adrenal insufficiency led to permanent discontinuation of OPDUALAG in 1.1% and withholding of OPDUALAG in 0.8% of patients. Approximately 87% (13/15) of patients with adrenal insufficiency received hormone replacement therapy. Systemic corticosteroids were required in 87% (13/15) of patients with adrenal insufficiency.
Adrenal insufficiency resolved in 33% of the 15 patients. Of the 3 patients in whom OPDUALAG was withheld for adrenal insufficiency, all 3 reinitiated OPDUALAG after symptom improvement. Hypophysitis OPDUALAG can cause immune-mediated hypophysitis.
Hypophysitis can present with acute symptoms associated with mass effect such as headache, photophobia, or visual field defects. Hypophysitis can cause hypopituitarism. Initiate hormone replacement as clinically indicated.
Hypophysitis led to permanent discontinuation of OPDUALAG in 0.3% and withholding of OPDUALAG in 0.6% of patients. All (9/9) of patients with hypophysitis received hormone replacement therapy. Systemic corticosteroids were required in 100% (9/9) of patients with hypophysitis.
Hypophysitis resolved in 22% of the 9 patients. Of the 2 patients in whom OPDUALAG was withheld for hypophysitis, none reinitiated OPDUALAG after symptom improvement. Thyroid Disorders OPDUALAG can cause immune-mediated thyroid disorders.
Thyroiditis can present with or without endocrinopathy. Hypothyroidism can follow hyperthyroidism. Initiate hormone replacement or medical management as clinically indicated.
Thyroiditis did not lead to permanent discontinuation of OPDUALAG. Thyroiditis led withholding of OPDUALAG in 0.3% of patients. Systemic corticosteroids were required in 20% (2/10) of patients with thyroiditis.
Thyroiditis resolved in 90% of the 10 patients. For the 1 patient in whom OPDUALAG was withheld for thyroiditis, OPDUALAG was reinitiated after symptom improvement without recurrence of thyroiditis. Hyperthyroidism did not lead to permanent discontinuation of OPDUALAG.
Systemic corticosteroids were required in 23% (5/22) of patients. Hyperthyroidism resolved in 82% of the 22 patients. Hypothyroidism led to the permanent discontinuation of OPDUALAG in 0.3% and withholding of OPDUALAG in 2.5% of patients.
None of the patients with hypothyroidism required systemic corticosteroids. Hypothyroidism resolved in 12% of the 59 patients. Of the 9 patients in whom OPDUALAG was withheld for hypothyroidism, 6 reinitiated OPDUALAG after symptom improvement; of these, 33% had recurrence of hypothyroidism.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, which can present with Diabetic Ketoacidosis Monitor patients for hyperglycemia or other signs and symptoms of diabetes. Initiate treatment with insulin as clinically indicated. Diabetes did not lead to the permanent discontinuation or withholding of OPDUALAG in any patient.
Immune-Mediated Nephritis with Renal Dysfunction OPDUALAG can cause immune-mediated nephritis, which is defined as requiring use of steroids and no clear alternate etiology. Immune-mediated nephritis and renal dysfunction led to permanent discontinuation of OPDUALAG in 0.8% and withholding of OPDUALAG in 0.6% of patients. Systemic corticosteroids were required in 100% (7/7) of patients with nephritis and renal dysfunction.
Nephritis and renal dysfunction resolved in 71% of the 7 patients. Of the 2 patients in whom OPDUALAG was withheld for nephritis or renal dysfunction, 1 reinitiated OPDUALAG after symptom improvement without recurrence of nephritis or renal dysfunction. Immune-Mediated Dermatologic Adverse Reactions OPDUALAG can cause immune-mediated rash or dermatitis, defined as requiring use of steroids and no clear alternate etiology.
Exfoliative dermatitis, including Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms has occurred with PD-1/L-1 blocking antibodies. Topical emollients and/or topical corticosteroids may be adequate to treat mild to moderate non-exfoliative rashes. Immune-mediated rash did not lead to permanent discontinuation of OPDUALAG.
Immune-mediated rash led to withholding of OPDUALAG in 1.4% of patients. Systemic corticosteroids were required in 88% (29/33) of patients with immune-mediated rash. Rash resolved in 70% of the 33 patients.
Of the 5 patients in whom OPDUALAG was withheld for immune-mediated rash, 4 reinitiated OPDUALAG after symptom improvement; of these, 25% had recurrence of immune-mediated rash. The diagnosis of immune-mediated myocarditis requires a high index of suspicion. Patients with cardiac or cardio-pulmonary symptoms should be assessed for potential myocarditis.
If myocarditis is suspected, withhold dose, promptly initiate high dose steroids (prednisone or methylprednisolone 1 to 2 mg/kg/day) and promptly arrange cardiology consultation with diagnostic workup. If clinically confirmed, permanently discontinue OPDUALAG for Grade 2-4 myocarditis. Systemic corticosteroids were required in 100% (6/6) of patients with myocarditis.
Myocarditis resolved in 100% of the 6 patients. Other Immune-Mediated Adverse Reactions The following clinically significant IMARs occurred at an incidence of <1% (unless otherwise noted) in patients who received OPDUALAG or were reported with the use of other PD-1/PD-L1 blocking antibodies. Severe or fatal cases have been reported for some of these adverse reactions.
Cardiac/Vascular: Pericarditis, vasculitis. Nervous System: Meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis and demyelination, myasthenic syndrome/myasthenia gravis (including exacerbation), Guillain-Barré syndrome, nerve paresis, autoimmune neuropathy. Ocular: Uveitis, iritis, and other ocular inflammatory toxicities can occur.
Some cases can be associated with retinal detachment. Various grades of visual impairment, including blindness, can occur. If uveitis occurs in combination with other IMARs, consider a Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada-like syndrome, as this may require treatment with systemic steroids to reduce the risk of permanent vision loss.
Gastrointestinal: Pancreatitis including increases in serum amylase and lipase levels, gastritis, duodenitis. Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue: Myositis/polymyositis, rhabdomyolysis (and associated sequelae including renal failure), arthritis, polymyalgia rheumatica. Endocrine: Hypoparathyroidism.
Hematologic/Immune: Hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi lymphadenitis), sarcoidosis, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, solid organ transplant rejection, other transplant (including corneal graft) rejection. Other: Myocarditis-Myositis-Myasthenia Gravis (or Myasthenia-Like) Overlap Syndrome, reported as the co-occurrence of either two or all three adverse reactions.
Infusion-Related Reactions OPDUALAG can cause severe infusion-related reactions. Discontinue OPDUALAG in patients with severe or life-threatening infusion-related reactions. Interrupt or slow the rate of infusion in patients with mild or moderate infusion-related reactions.
In patients who received OPDUALAG as a 60-minute intravenous infusion, infusion-related reactions occurred in 7% (23/355) of patients.
Complications of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Fatal and other serious complications can occur in patients who receive allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) before or after being treated with a PD-1/PD-L1 receptor blocking antibody. Transplant-related complications include hyperacute graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD), acute GVHD, chronic GVHD, hepatic veno-occlusive disease after reduced intensity conditioning, and steroid-requiring febrile syndrome (without an identified infectious cause). These complications may occur despite intervening therapy between PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and allogeneic HSCT.
Follow patients closely for evidence of transplant-related complications and intervene promptly. Consider the benefit versus risks of treatment with a PD-1/PD-L1 receptor blocking antibody prior to or after an allogeneic HSCT.
Embryo-Fetal Toxicity Based on its mechanism of action and data from animal studies, OPDUALAG can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. In animal reproduction studies, administration of nivolumab to cynomolgus monkeys from the onset of organogenesis through delivery resulted in increased abortion and premature infant death. Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus.
Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment with OPDUALAG for at least 5 months after the last dose of OPDUALAG.
Pregnancy Safety for Opdualag
Pregnancy Risk Summary Based on findings in animals and mechanism of action, OPDUALAG can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Administration of nivolumab to cynomolgus monkeys from the onset of organogenesis through delivery resulted in increased abortion and premature infant death ( see Data ). Human IgG4 is known to cross the placenta; therefore, nivolumab and relatlimab have the potential to be transmitted from the mother to the developing fetus.
The effects of OPDUALAG are likely to be greater during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. There are no available data on OPDUALAG in pregnant women to evaluate a drug-associated risk. Advise the patient of the potential risk to a fetus.
In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is respectively. Data Animal Data OPDUALAG injection for intravenous use contains nivolumab and relatlimab. Nivolumab: One function of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is to preserve pregnancy by maintaining immune tolerance to the fetus.
The effects of nivolumab on prenatal and postnatal development were evaluated in monkeys that received nivolumab twice weekly from the onset of organogenesis through delivery, at exposure levels of between 9 and 42 times higher than those observed at the clinical dose of 3 mg/kg (based on AUC). Nivolumab administration resulted in a non-dose-related increase in spontaneous abortion and increased neonatal death. In surviving infants (18 of 32 compared to 11 of 16 vehicle-exposed infants) of cynomolgus monkeys treated with nivolumab, there were no apparent malformations and no effects on neurobehavioral, immunological, or clinical pathology parameters throughout the 6-month postnatal period.
Relatlimab: There are no available animal data on relatlimab. The effects of a murine surrogate anti-LAG-3 antibody was evaluated in mice using syngeneic and allogeneic breeding models. When anti-LAG-3 antibodies were administered beginning on gestation day 6, there were no maternal or developmental effects in either syngeneic or allogeneic breedings.
Pediatric Use of Opdualag
Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of OPDUALAG for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic melanoma have been established in pediatric patients 12 years of age or older who weigh at least 40 kg. Use of OPDUALAG for this indication is supported by evidence from an adequate and well-controlled study in adults and additional data analyses that suggest that nivolumab and relatlimab exposures in pediatric patients 12 years of age who weigh at least 40 kg are expected to result in similar safety and efficacy to that of adults. The pharmacokinetics of monoclonal antibodies and the course of unresectable or metastatic melanoma are sufficiently similar in adults and pediatric patients 12 years of age or older to allow extrapolation of data from adult patients to pediatric patients 12 years of age or older (who weigh at least 40 kg).
A recommended dosage for pediatric patients 12 years of age or older who weigh less than 40 kg has not been established. The safety and effectiveness of OPDUALAG have not been established in pediatric patients 12 years of age or older who weigh less than 40 kg, and pediatric patients younger than 12 years of age.
Clinical Studies of Opdualag
The efficacy of OPDUALAG was investigated in RELATIVITY-047 (NCT03470922), a randomized (1:1), double-blinded trial in 714 patients with previously untreated metastatic or unresectable Stage III or IV melanoma. Patients were allowed to have received prior adjuvant or neoadjuvant melanoma therapy: anti-PD-1, anti-CTLA-4, or BRAF-MEK inhibitors were allowed if received at least 6 months between the last dose of therapy and date of recurrence; interferon therapy was allowed if the last dose was at least 6 weeks prior to randomization. The trial excluded patients with active autoimmune disease, medical conditions requiring systemic treatment with moderate or high dose corticosteroids or immunosuppressive medications, uveal melanoma, and active or untreated brain or leptomeningeal metastases.
Randomization was stratified by tumor PD-L1 expression (≥1% vs. <1%) using PD-L1 IHC 28-8 pharmDx test, LAG-3 expression (≥1% vs. <1%) using a clinical trial assay, BRAF V600 mutation status (V600 mutation positive vs. wild type), and M stage per the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) version 8 staging system (M0/M1any vs. M1any). The major efficacy outcome measure was progression-free survival (PFS) determined by Blinded Independent Central Review (BICR) using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST v1.1).
Additional efficacy outcome measures were overall survival (OS) and overall response rate (ORR) determined by BICR using RECIST v1.1. The trial demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in PFS for patients randomized to the OPDUALAG arm compared with the nivolumab arm. The final analysis of OS was not statistically significant.
Efficacy results are shown in Table 5 and Figure 1.
| a Assessed by BICR. b Final PFS analysis. c Kaplan-Meier estimate. d Based on stratified Cox proportional hazard model. e Based on stratified log-rank test. f At the time of the final OS analysis, which was event-driven and occurred after the final PFS analysis. g Not Significant at alpha level 0.04302. h Not formally tested based on the testing hierarchy. NR = Not reached. | ||
| OPDUALAG N=355 | Nivolumab N=359 | |
| Progression-free Survival a,b | ||
| Disease progression or death (%) | 180 (51) | 211 (59) |
| Median (months) c (95% CI) | 10.1 (6.4, 15.7) | 4.6 (3.4, 5.6) |
| Hazard ratio d (95% CI) | 0.75 (0.62, 0.92) | |
| p-value e | 0.0055 | |
| Overall Survival f | ||
| Deaths (%) | 137 (39) | 160 (45) |
| Median in months (95% CI) | NR (34.2, NR) | 34.10 (25.2, NR) |
| Hazard ratio d (95% CI) | 0.80 (0.64, 1.01) | |
| p-value e | NS g | |
| Overall Response Rate a,f, h, n (%) (95% CI) | 153 (43) (38, 48) | 117 (33) (28, 38) |
| Complete response rate (%) | 58 (16) | 51 (14) |
| Partial response rate (%) | 95 (27) | 66 (18) |
Drug information sourced from the FDA. This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional before making any medication decisions.
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