Iqirvo Drug Information
Generic name: ELAFIBRANOR
Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Agonist [EPC]
Uses of Iqirvo
is indicated for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in combination with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in adults who have had an inadequate response to UDCA, or as monotherapy in patients unable to tolerate UDCA. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on reduction of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) . Improvement in survival or prevention of liver decompensation events have not been demonstrated. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trial(s). IQIRVO is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist indicated for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in combination with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in adults who have an inadequate response to UDCA, or as monotherapy in patients unable to tolerate UDCA. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on reduction of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Improvement in survival or prevention of liver decompensation events have not been demonstrated. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in confirmatory trial(s). Limitations of Use Use of IQIRVO is not recommended in patients who have or develop decompensated cirrhosis (e.g., ascites, variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy). Limitations of Use Use of IQIRVO is not recommended in patients who have or develop decompensated cirrhosis (e.g., ascites, variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy) .
Dosage & Administration of Iqirvo
Recommended Evaluation
Before Initiating IQIRVO Before initiating IQIRVO: Evaluate for muscle pain or myopathy . Verify that females of reproductive potential are not pregnant prior to initiating treatment with IQIRVO .
Recommended Dosage and
Administration The recommended dosage of IQIRVO is 80 mg taken orally once daily with or without food .
Administration Modification for Bile Acid Sequestrants Administer
IQIRVO at least 4 hours before or 4 hours after administering the bile acid sequestrant, or at as great an interval as possible .
Side Effects of Iqirvo
Clinical Trials Experience
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The safety of IQIRVO is based on Study 1 consisting of 161 patients who were randomized to receive IQIRVO 80 mg (n=108) or placebo (n=53) once daily with a median duration of exposure during the double-blind period of 62 weeks (inter quartile range: 52, 84) . IQIRVO or placebo was administered in combination with UDCA in 95% of patients and as monotherapy in 5% of patients who were unable to tolerate UDCA. The most common adverse reaction leading to treatment discontinuation was increased CPK (4%). Common Adverse Reactions Table 1 presents common adverse reactions that occurred in Study 1. Table 1: Common Adverse Reactions Occurring During the Double-Blind Period in Adult Patients with PBC (Study 1) Included 8 patients (5%) who were intolerant to UDCA and initiated treatment as monotherapy: 6 patients (5%) in the IQIRVO arm and 2 patients (4%) in the placebo arm. Adverse Reaction Occurring in greater than or equal to 5% of patients in the IQIRVO treatment arm and at an incidence greater than or equal to 1% higher than in the placebo treatment arm.
IQIRVO 80 mg Once Daily N = 108 % (n) Placebo N = 53 % (n) Weight gain Weight gain, abdominal pain, muscle pain, fracture, and rash include other related terms. 23% 21% Diarrhea 11% 9% Abdominal pain 11% 6% Nausea 11% 6% Vomiting 11% 2% Arthralgia 8% 4% Constipation 8% 2% Muscle pain 7% 2% Fracture 6% 0 Gastroesophageal reflux disease 6% 2% Dry mouth 5% 2% Weight loss 5% 0 Rash 5% 4% Myalgia, Myopathy, and Rhabdomyolysis Muscle injury included rhabdomyolysis, CPK elevation with or without myalgia, and myopathy. Rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury (AKI) occurred in one IQIRVO-treated patient who had cirrhosis at baseline and was also on a stable dose of an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor for a year. Median time to development of myalgia was 85.5 days (interquartile range: 29, 291). CPK elevation and/or myalgia occurred in patients on IQIRVO monotherapy as well as in patients who were concomitantly treated with an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor.
Table 2 presents the frequency of muscle injury related adverse reactions in Study 1. Table 2: Muscle Injury Related Adverse Reactions During the Double-Blind Period in Adult Patients with PBC in Study 1 Adverse Reaction IQIRVO 80 mg Once Daily N = 108 % (n) Placebo N = 53 % (n) Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) increased (>3× ULN) 4% Two patients receiving IQIRVO 80 mg once daily were on a concomitant HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor 0 Myalgia 4% 2% CPK increased and Myalgia 1% One patient receiving IQIRVO 80 mg once daily was on a concomitant HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor 0 Rhabdomyolysis and AKI AKI: Acute kidney injury 1% 0 Fractures Fractures occurred in 6% (n=7) of IQIRVO-treated patients compared to no placebo-treated patients. The median time to fracture after receiving IQIRVO was 122 days (interquartile range: 48, 258). Less Common Adverse Reactions Additional adverse reactions that occurred more frequently in the IQIRVO-treated patients compared to placebo, but in less 5% of patients included dizziness, gastroenteritis, increased blood creatinine, and anemia. Cholelithiasis and Cholecystitis New onset of cholelithiasis was detected in 3 (3%) IQIRVO-treated patients compared to no placebo-treated patients.
The three IQIRVO-treated patients were taking UDCA concomitantly. An additional patient who had gallstones at baseline developed cholecystitis requiring cholecystectomy.
Warnings & Cautions for Iqirvo
Myalgia, Myopathy, and Rhabdomyolysis Rhabdomyolysis resulting in acute kidney injury occurred in
one IQIRVO-treated patient who had cirrhosis at baseline and was also taking a stable dose of an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin). Myalgia or myopathy, with or without CPK elevations, occurred in patients treated with IQIRVO alone or treated concomitantly with a stable dose of an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor . Assess for myalgia and myopathy prior to IQIRVO initiation. Consider periodic assessment (clinical exam, CPK measurement) during treatment with IQIRVO, especially in those who have signs and symptoms of new onset or worsening of muscle pain or myopathy. Interrupt IQIRVO treatment if there is new onset or worsening of muscle pain, or myopathy, or rhabdomyolysis.
Fractures Fractures occurred in 6% of
IQIRVO-treated patients compared to no placebo-treated patients . Consider the risk of fracture in the care of patients treated with IQIRVO and monitor bone health according to current standards of care.
Adverse Effects on Fetal and Newborn Development
Based on findings from animal reproduction studies, IQIRVO may cause fetal harm when administered during pregnancy. Treatment of pregnant rats with elafibranor at maternal plasma drug exposures lower than or approximately equal to human exposure at the recommended dose resulted in stillbirths, reduced survival, decrease in pup body weight, and/or blue/black discoloration of the caudal section of body. For females of reproductive potential, verify that the patient is not pregnant prior to initiation of therapy.
Advise females of reproductive potential to use effective non-hormonal contraceptives or add a barrier method when using hormonal contraceptives during treatment with IQIRVO and for 3 weeks following the last dose of IQIRVO .
Drug-Induced Liver Injury Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) occurred in one patient who
took IQIRVO 80 mg once daily and two patients who took IQIRVO at 1.5-times the recommended dosage. In one patient who developed DILI while taking IQIRVO at 1.5-times the recommended dosage, the clinical presentation was drug-induced autoimmune-like hepatitis (DI-ALH). The median time to onset of elevation in liver tests was 85 days (range: day 57 to 288). In Study 1, increases in transaminases (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase ≥ 5× ULN) occurred in 6% of IQIRVO-treated patients compared to 6% of placebo-treated patients, and total bilirubin (TB) elevation (> 3× ULN) occurred in 2% of IQIRVO-treated patients compared to no placebo-treated patients. Obtain baseline clinical and laboratory assessments at treatment initiation with IQIRVO and monitor thereafter according to routine patient management.
Interrupt IQIRVO treatment if liver tests (ALT, AST, TB, and/or alkaline phosphatase ) worsen, or the patient develops signs and symptoms consistent with clinical hepatitis (e.g., jaundice, right upper quadrant pain, eosinophilia). Consider permanent discontinuation if liver tests worsen after restarting IQIRVO.
Hypersensitivity Reactions Hypersensitivity reactions have occurred in a clinical trial with
IQIRVO at 1.5-times the recommended dosage. Three patients (0.2%) had rash or unspecified allergic reaction that occurred 2 to 30 days after IQIRVO initiation, with positive dechallenges and rechallenges. Hypersensitivity reactions resolved after discontinuation of IQIRVO and treatment with steroids and/or antihistamines.
If a severe hypersensitivity reaction occurs, permanently discontinue IQIRVO. If a mild or moderate hypersensitivity reaction occurs, interrupt IQIRVO and treat promptly. Monitor the patient until signs and symptoms resolve. If a hypersensitivity reaction recurs after IQIRVO rechallenge, then permanently discontinue IQIRVO.
Biliary Obstruction
Avoid use of IQIRVO in patients with complete biliary obstruction. If biliary obstruction is suspected, interrupt IQIRVO and treat as clinically indicated .
Drug Interactions with Iqirvo
Effects of
IQIRVO on Other Drugs Table 3 includes clinically significant drug interactions affecting other drugs. Table 3: Clinically Significant Interactions Affecting Other Drugs Hormonal Contraceptives Clinical Impact IQIRVO is a weak CYP3A4 inducer . Co-administration of IQIRVO and hormonal contraceptives (e.g., birth control pills, skin patches, implant) may reduce the systemic exposure of progestin and ethinyl estradiol (CYP3A4 substrates), which may lead to contraceptive failure and/or an increase in breakthrough bleeding. Intervention Switch to effective non-hormonal contraceptives or add a barrier method when using hormonal contraceptives during treatment with IQIRVO and for at least 3 weeks after last dose . HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors Clinical Impact CPK elevation and/or myalgia occurred in patients on IQIRVO monotherapy.
Co-administration of IQIRVO and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) which have a risk of myalgia, can increase the risk of myopathy by a mechanism that has not been fully characterized . Intervention Monitor for signs and symptoms of muscle injury. Consider periodic assessment (clinical exam, CPK) during treatment. Interrupt IQIRVO treatment if there is new onset or worsening of muscle pain or myopathy .
Effects of Other Drugs on
IQIRVO Table 4 includes clinically significant drug interactions affecting IQIRVO. Table 4: Clinically Significant Interactions Affecting IQIRVO Rifampin Clinical Impact Co-administration of IQIRVO with rifampin, an inducer of metabolizing enzymes, may reduce the systemic exposure of elafibranor and its active metabolite via increased metabolism and may result in delayed or suboptimal biochemical response . Intervention Monitor the biochemical response (e.g., ALP and bilirubin) when patients initiate rifampin during treatment with IQIRVO. Bile Acid Binding Sequestrants Clinical Impact Bile acid sequestrants may interfere with the action of IQIRVO by reducing its absorption and systemic exposure, which may reduce IQIRVO efficacy. Intervention Administer IQIRVO at least 4 hours before or 4 hours after taking a bile acid binding sequestrant, or at as great an interval as possible .
Pregnancy Safety for Iqirvo
Pregnancy Risk Summary Based on data from animal reproduction studies, IQIRVO may cause fetal harm when administered during pregnancy. Treatment of pregnant rats with elafibranor during organogenesis through lactation resulted in stillbirths, reduced survival, decrease in pup body weight, and/or blue/black discoloration of the caudal section of body, which occurred at maternal plasma drug exposures lower than or approximately equal to human exposure at the recommended dose ( see Data ). There are insufficient data from human pregnancies exposed to IQIRVO to allow an assessment of a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage, or other adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. The background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown.
All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2-4% and 15-20%, respectively. Report pregnancies to Ipsen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Adverse Event reporting line at 1-855-463-5127 and. Data Animal Data No effects on embryo-fetal development were observed in pregnant rats treated orally with up to 300 mg/kg/day elafibranor (15-times the recommended dose based on combined AUC for elafibranor and GFT1007) during the period of organogenesis. No adverse effects on embryo-fetal development were observed in pregnant rabbits treated orally with doses up to 100 mg/kg/day elafibranor, which produced systemic exposures (combined AUC for elafibranor and GFT1007) during the period of organogenesis that were less than the human exposure.
Administration of 300 mg/kg/day (3.9-times the recommended dose based on combined AUC for elafibranor and GFT1007) produced marked maternal toxicity, embryo-lethality, reduced fetal weight, and a low incidence of fetal malformations. Variations in ossification of distal limb bones occurred at 100 mg/kg/day, which was associated with strong signs of maternal toxicity (e.g., body weight loss). A pre- and postnatal development study was performed using oral administration of 10, 30, or 100 mg/kg/day elafibranor in female rats during organogenesis through lactation. All doses produced a reduction in pup survival (during postnatal days 1-4 at 100 mg/kg/day and postnatal days 5-21 at 10 mg/kg/day and higher), a decrease in pup body weight (dose-dependent, up to -28% on postnatal day 1), blue/black discoloration of the caudal section of body, and developmental delays based on evaluation of physical landmarks and functional tests.
The developmental delays were likely caused by the decrease in body weight. Adverse effects in the offspring occurred at maternal exposures at or above 0.6-times the recommended dose based on combined AUC for elafibranor and GFT1007. Stillbirths were observed in the 30 and 100 mg/kg/day groups (1.3 and 4.9-times the recommended dose, respectively, based on combined AUC for elafibranor and GFT1007). Aortic or iliac arterial thrombosis was found in decedent pups from females treated with 30 or 100 mg/kg/day. The surviving adult offspring showed no effects on learning and memory, reflex development, or reproductive capability.
Pediatric Use of Iqirvo
Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of IQIRVO have not been established in pediatric patients.
Clinical Studies of Iqirvo
The efficacy of IQIRVO was evaluated in Study 1 (NCT04526665), a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The study included 161 adults with PBC with an inadequate response or intolerance to UDCA. Patients were randomized to receive IQIRVO 80 mg (n=108) or placebo (n=53) once daily for at least 52 weeks. When applicable, patients continued their pre-study dose of UDCA throughout the study.
Patients were included in the study if their ALP was greater than or equal to 1.67-times the ULN and TB was less than or equal to 2-times the ULN. Patients were excluded if they had other liver disease or in case of decompensated cirrhosis. The mean age of patients in Study 1 was 57 (Range: 36, 76) years, and the mean weight was 70.8 (Range: 43, 134) kg. The study population was predominately female (96%) and White (91%). The baseline mean ALP concentration was 321.9 (Range: 151, 1398) U/L, and 39% of patients had a baseline ALP concentration greater than 3-times the ULN. The mean baseline TB concentration was 0.56 (Range: 0.15, 1.76) mg/dL, and 96% of patients had a baseline TB concentration less than or equal to ULN. The baseline mean concentration of ALT was 50 (Range: 11 to 188) U/L and mean baseline concentration for AST was 46 (Range: 14 to 203) U/L. Most patients (95%) received study treatment (IQIRVO or placebo) in combination with UDCA. There were 6 (6%) in the IQIRVO-treated patients and 2 (4%) in the placebo-treated patients who were unable to tolerate UDCA and received IQIRVO as monotherapy.
At baseline, 12 (11%) of the IQIRVO-treated patients and 8 (15%) of the placebo-treated patients met at least one of the following criteria: serum albumin < 3.5g/dL, INR >1.3, TB > 1-time ULN, Fibroscan >16.9 kPa, or historical biopsy suggestive of cirrhosis. The primary endpoint was biochemical response at Week 52, where biochemical response was defined as achieving ALP less than 1.67-times ULN, TB less than or equal to ULN, and ALP decrease greater than or equal to 15% from baseline. The ULN for ALP was defined as 129 U/L for males and 104 U/L for females.
The ULN for TB was defined as 1.20 mg/dL. ALP normalization (i.e., ALP less than or equal to ULN) at Week 52 was a key secondary endpoint. Table 6 presents results at Week 52 for the percentage of patients who achieved biochemical response, achieved each component of biochemical response, and achieved ALP normalization. IQIRVO demonstrated greater improvement on biochemical response and ALP normalization at Week 52 compared to placebo.
Overall, 96% of patients had a baseline TB concentration less than or equal to ULN. Therefore, improvement in ALP was the main contributor to the biochemical response rate results at Week 52. Table 6: Percentage of Adult Patients with PBC Achieving Biochemical Response and ALP Normalization at Week 52 in Study 1 Patients who prematurely stopped the study treatment or used rescue therapy for PBC prior to the Week 52 assessment were considered non-responders. For two other patients with missing data at Week 52, the closest non-missing assessment from the double-blind treatment period was used. IQIRVO 80mg Once Daily (N=108) Placebo (N=53) Treatment Difference, % (95% CI) For biochemical response and its components: calculated using the Newcombe method stratified by ALP > 3-times ULN or TB > ULN (Yes/No) and 14-day baseline average PBC Worst Itch Numeric Rating Scale score ≥ 4 (Yes/No). For ALP normalization: calculated using unstratified Newcombe method.
Biochemical response rate, n (%) Biochemical response is defined as ALP <1.67-times ULN and TB ≤ULN and ALP decrease from baseline ≥ 15% at Week 52. The p-value from the exact Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel (CMH) test was <0.0001. 55 2 47 Components of biochemical response ALP less than 1.67-times ULN, n (%) 56 5 42 Decrease in ALP of at least 15%, n (%) 81 9 58 TB less than or equal to ULN, n (%) The mean baseline total bilirubin was 0.56 mg/dL, and was less than or equal to the ULN in 96% of the enrolled patients. 92 44 2 (-9, 16) ALP normalization, n (%) Normalization of ALP at Week 52 is defined as ALP ≤1-time ULN. The p-value from the exact CMH test was 0.0019. 16 0 15 Figure 1 depicts the mean (95% confidence interval) ALP levels over 52 weeks. There was a trend of lower ALP in the IQIRVO group compared to the placebo group starting by Week 4 through Week 52. Figure 1: Mean ALP (+/- 95% Confidence Interval) in Adult Patients with PBC Over 52 Weeks in Study 1 Missing data and data following study treatment discontinuation was imputed by multiple imputation. Figure 1
Drug information sourced from the FDA. This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional before making any medication decisions.
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