Decitabine Drug Information

Decitabine for Injection is indicated for treatment of adult patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) including previously treated and untreated, de novo and secondary MDS of all French-American-British subtypes (refractory anemia, refractory anemia with ringed sideroblasts, refractory anemia with excess blasts, refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia) and intermediate-1, intermediate-2, and high-risk International Prognostic Scoring System groups.

Recommended Dosage Pre-Medications and Baseline Testing

Consider pre-medicating for nausea with antiemetics. Conduct baseline laboratory testing: complete blood count (CBC) with platelets, serum hepatic panel, and serum creatinine. Repeat cycles every 6 weeks upon hematologic recovery (ANC at least 1,000/mcL and platelets at least 50,000/mcL) for a minimum of 4 cycles.

A complete or partial response may take longer than 4 cycles. Delay and reduce dose for hematologic toxicity. Patients with Renal or Severe Hepatic Impairment Treatment with Decitabine for Injection has not been studied in patients with pre-existing renal or hepatic impairment.

For patients with pre-existing renal or hepatic impairment, consider the potential risks and benefits before initiating treatment with Decitabine for Injection.

Dosage Modifications for Adverse Reactions Hematologic Toxicity If hematologic recovery from a previous Decitabine for Injection treatment cycle requires more than 6 weeks, delay the next cycle of Decitabine for Injection therapy and reduce Decitabine for Injection dose temporarily by following this algorithm: Recovery requiring more than 6, but less than 8 weeks: delay Decitabine for Injection dosing for up to 2 weeks and reduce the dose temporarily to 11 mg/m 2 every 8 hours (33 mg/m 2 /day, 99 mg/m 2 /cycle) upon restarting therapy. Recovery requiring more than 8, but less than 10 weeks: Perform bone marrow aspirate to assess for disease progression. Non-hematologic Toxicity Delay subsequent Decitabine for Injection treatment for any the following nonhematologic toxicities and do not restart until toxicities resolve: Serum creatinine greater than or equal to 2 mg/dL Alanine transaminase (ALT), total bilirubin greater than or equal to 2 times upper limit of normal (ULN) Active or uncontrolled infection

Preparation and Administration Decitabine for Injection is a cytotoxic drug. Follow special handling and disposal procedures. 1 Aseptically reconstitute Decitabine for Injection with room temperature (20° to 25°C) 10 mL of Sterile Water for Injection, USP. Upon reconstitution, the final concentration of the reconstituted Decitabine for Injection solution is 5 mg per mL.

You must dilute the reconstituted solution with 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection or 5% Dextrose Injection prior to administration. Temperature of the diluent (0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection or 5% Dextrose Injection) depends on time of administration after preparation. Discard unused portion.

Store at 2° to 8°C for up to 4 hours. Diluted stored solution must be used within 4 hours from the time of preparation. Discard unused portion.

Use the diluted, refrigerated solution within 4 hours from the time of preparation or discard. Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. Do not use if there is evidence of particulate matter or discoloration.

Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The data described below reflect exposure to Decitabine for Injection in 83 patients in the MDS trial. The median number of Decitabine for Injection cycles was 3 (range 0 to 9).

Most Common Adverse Reactions: neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, fatigue, pyrexia, nausea, cough, petechiae, constipation, diarrhea, and hyperglycemia. Adverse Reactions Most Frequently (≥ 1%) Resulting in Clinical Intervention and or Dose Modification in the Controlled Supportive Care Study in the Decitabine for Injection Arm: Discontinuation: thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, pneumonia, Mycobacterium avium complex infection, cardio-respiratory arrest, increased blood bilirubin, intracranial hemorrhage, abnormal liver function tests. Dose Delayed: neutropenia, pulmonary edema, atrial fibrillation, central line infection, febrile neutropenia.

Dose Reduced: neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia, lethargy, edema, tachycardia, depression, pharyngitis. Table 1 presents all adverse reactions occurring in at least 5% of patients in the Decitabine for Injection group and at a rate greater than supportive care. Table 1: Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥ 5% of Patients in the Decitabine for Injection Group and at a Rate Greater than Supportive Care in the Controlled Trial in MDS 4 3 In a single-arm MDS study (N=99), Decitabine for Injection was dosed at 20 mg/m 2 intravenously, infused over one hour daily, for 5 consecutive days of a 4-week cycle.

Table 2: Adverse Reactions Reported in ≥ 5% of Patients in a Single-arm Study* 11 No overall difference in safety was detected between patients > 65 years of age and younger patients in these MDS trials. No significant differences in safety were detected between males and females. Patients with renal or hepatic dysfunction were not studied.

Insufficient numbers of non-White patients were available to draw conclusions in these clinical trials. Serious adverse reactions that occurred in patients receiving Decitabine for Injection not previously reported in Tables 1 and 2 include: Allergic Reaction: hypersensitivity (anaphylactic reaction) Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders: myelosuppression, splenomegaly Cardiac Disorders: myocardial infarction, cardio-respiratory arrest, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia Gastrointestinal Disorders: gingival pain, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage General Disorders and Administrative Site Conditions: chest pain, catheter site hemorrhage Hepatobiliary Disorders: cholecystitis Infections and Infestations: fungal infection, sepsis, bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, peridiverticular abscess, respiratory tract infection, pseudomonal lung infection, Mycobacterium avium complex infection Injury, Poisoning and Procedural Complications: post procedural pain, post procedural hemorrhage Nervous System Disorders: intracranial hemorrhage Psychiatric Disorders: mental status changes Renal and Urinary Disorders: renal failure, urethral hemorrhage Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders: hemoptysis, lung infiltration, pulmonary embolism, respiratory arrest, pulmonary mass

Postmarketing Experience

The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of Decitabine for Injection. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Sweet's syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis) Differentiation syndrome Interstitial lung disease

Drug interaction studies with decitabine have not been conducted. In vitro studies in human liver microsomes suggest that decitabine is unlikely to inhibit or induce cytochrome P450 enzymes. In vitro metabolism studies have suggested that decitabine is not a substrate for human liver cytochrome P450 enzymes.

As plasma protein binding of decitabine is negligible (<1%), interactions due to displacement of more highly protein bound drugs from plasma proteins are not expected.

Pregnancy Risk Summary Based on findings from human data, animal studies, and the mechanism of action, Decitabine for Injection can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Limited published data on Decitabine for Injection use throughout the first trimester during pregnancy describe adverse developmental outcomes including major birth defects (structural abnormalities). In animal reproduction studies, administration of decitabine to pregnant mice and rats during organogenesis caused adverse developmental outcomes including malformations and embryo-fetal lethality starting at doses approximately 7% of the recommended human dose on a mg/m 2 basis (see Data ).

Advise pregnant women of the potential risk to a fetus. The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes.

The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in the U.S. general population is of clinically recognized pregnancies, respectively. Data Human Data A single published case report of decitabine pregnancy exposure in a 39-year old woman with a hematologic malignancy described multiple structural abnormalities after 6 cycles of therapy in the 18 th week of gestation. These abnormalities included holoprosencephaly, absence of nasal bone, mid-facial deformity, cleft lip and palate, polydactyly and rocker-bottom feet.

The pregnancy was terminated. Animal Data In utero exposure to decitabine causes temporal related defects in the rat and/or mouse, which include growth suppression, exencephaly, defective skull bones, rib/sternabrae defects, phocomelia, digit defects, micrognathia, gastroschisis, micromelia. Decitabine inhibits proliferation and increases apoptosis of neural progenitor cells of the fetal CNS and induces palatal clefting in the developing murine fetus.

Studies in mice have also shown that decitabine administration during osteoblastogenesis (day 10 of gestation) induces bone loss in offspring. In mice exposed to single IP (intraperitoneal) injections, approximately 2% and 7% of the recommended daily clinical dose, respectively over gestation days no maternal toxicity was observed but reduced fetal survival was observed after treatment at 3 mg/m 2 and decreased fetal weight was observed at both dose levels. The 3 mg/m 2 dose elicited characteristic fetal defects for each treatment day, including supernumerary ribs (both dose levels), fused vertebrae and ribs, cleft palate, vertebral defects, hind-limb defects and digital defects of fore- and hind-limbs.

No live fetuses were seen at any dose when decitabine was injected on gestation day 9. A significant decrease in fetal survival and reduced fetal weight at doses greater than 3.6 mg/m 2 was seen when decitabine was given on gestation day 10. Increased incidences of vertebral and rib anomalies were seen at all dose levels, and induction of exophthalmia, exencephaly, and cleft palate were observed at 6 mg/m 2.

Increased incidence of foredigit defects was seen in fetuses at doses greater than 3.6 mg/m 2. Reduced size and ossification of long bones of the fore-limb and hind-limb were noted at 6 mg/m 2. The effect of decitabine on postnatal development and reproductive capacity was evaluated in mice administered a single 3 mg/m 2 IP injection (approximately 7% the recommended daily clinical dose) on day 10 of gestation.

Body weights of males and females exposed in utero to decitabine were significantly reduced relative to controls at all postnatal time points. No consistent effect on fertility was seen when female mice exposed in utero were mated to untreated males. Follow up studies indicated that treatment of pregnant mice with decitabine on gestation day 10 was associated with a reduced pregnancy rate resulting from effects on sperm production in the F1-generation.

Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of Decitabine for Injection in pediatric patients have not been established.

There is no known antidote for overdosage with Decitabine for Injection. Higher doses are associated with increased myelosuppression including prolonged neutropenia and thrombocytopenia. Standard supportive measures should be taken in the event of an overdose.