Auvelity Drug Information
Generic name: DEXTROMETHORPHAN HYDROBROMIDE, BUPROPION HYDROCHLORIDE
Uses of Auvelity
Major Depressive Disorder
AUVELITY is indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults.
Agitation Associated with Dementia Due to Alzheimer’s Disease
AUVELITY is indicated for the treatment of agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease. Limitations of Use: AUVELITY is not indicated as an as needed (“prn”) treatment for agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease.
Dosage & Administration of Auvelity
Important Recommendations
Prior to Initiating and During Treatment with AUVELITY Prior to initiating and during treatment with AUVELITY: assess blood pressure and monitor periodically during treatment . screen patients for a personal or family history of bipolar disorder, mania, or hypomania . screen patients to determine if they are receiving any other medications that contain bupropion or dextromethorphan .
Recommended Dosage for the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder
The recommended starting dosage ofis AUVELITY (45 mg of dextromethorphan hydrobromide and /105 mg of bupropion hydrochloride) is one tablet once daily in the morning. After 3 daysOn day 4, increase to the maximum recommended dosage of one tablet twice daily, given at least 8 hours apart. Do not exceed two doses within the same day.
Administer AUVELITY orally with or without food . Swallow tablets whole, do not crush, divide, or chew.
Recommended Dosage for Treatment of Agitation Associated with Dementia Due to Alzheimer’s
Disease The recommended titration schedule is as follows: The recommended starting dose is AUVELITY 30 mg/105 mg once daily, in the morning. On day 8, increase to AUVELITY 30 mg/105 mg twice daily, given at least 8 hours apart, based on tolerability. On day 15, after starting AUVELITY, increase to the maximum recommended dosage of 45 mg/105 mg twice daily, given at least 8 hours apart, based on tolerability.
Do not exceed two doses within the same day. Administer AUVELITY orally with or without food. Swallow tablets whole, do not crush, divide, or chew.
Dosage Recommendations in Patients with Renal Impairment For patients with moderate renal
impairment (eGFR 30 to 59 mL/minute/1.73 m²), the dosing recommendations for AUVELITY are as follows: For patients with MDD, the recommended starting and maximum dosage is 45 mg/105 mg once daily in the morning. For patients with Agitation Associated with Dementia due to Alzheimer’s Disease, the recommended starting dosage is 30 mg/105 mg once daily in the morning. On day 8, increase to the maximum recommended dosage of 45 mg/105 mg once daily in the morning, based on tolerability.
Dosage Recommendations for
Concomitant Use with Strong CYP2D6 Inhibitors When AUVELITY is co-administered with strong CYP2D6 inhibitors, the dosing recommendations for AUVELITY are as follows: For MDD, the recommended starting and maximum dosage is 45 mg/105 mg once daily in the morning. For Agitation Associated with Dementia due to Alzheimer’s Disease, the recommended starting dosage is 30 mg/105 mg once daily in the morning. On day 8, increase to the maximum recommended dosage of 45 mg/105 mg once daily in the morning, based on tolerability.
Dosage Recommendations for Known
CYP2D6 Poor Metabolizers (PMs) For patients who are known CYP2D6 poor metabolizers, the dosing recommendations are as follows: For MDD, the recommended starting and maximum dosage is 45 mg/105 mg once daily in the morning. For Agitation Associated with Dementia due to Alzheimer’s Disease, the recommended starting dosage is 30 mg/105 mg once daily in the morning. On day 8, increase to the maximum recommended dosage of 45 mg/105 mg once daily in the morning, based on tolerability.
Switching a Patient to or from a Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI) Antidepressant
At least 14 days must elapse between discontinuation of an MAOI intended to treat depression and initiation of therapy with AUVELITY. Conversely, at least 14 days must be allowed after stopping AUVELITY before starting an MAOI antidepressant .
Side Effects of Auvelity
Clinical Trials Experience
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice. AUVELITY has been evaluated for safety in 2,550 adult patients who participated in multiple-dose clinical trials for major depressive disorder, agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimers disease, or another indication. Among them, 918 patients were treated with AUVELITY for at least 6 months, and 251 patients were treated with AUVELITY for at least 1 year.
Major Depressive Disorder The data below are based on the 6-week, placebo-controlled study in which either AUVELITY (n=162) or placebo (n=164) was administered twice daily to patients with MDD (Study 1). Demographics of the patients who participated in this study are summarized in Clinical Studies. Adverse Reactions Leading to Discontinuation In the 6-week placebo-controlled study, 4% of patients treated with AUVELITY and 0% of placebo-treated patients discontinued participation due to adverse reactions. The adverse reaction that led to study discontinuation in 1% of patients treated with AUVELITY was anxiety (2%). Most Common Adverse Reactions In the 6-week placebo-controlled clinical study, the most common (incidence 5% for AUVELITY and more than twice as frequently as placebo) adverse reactions were dizziness (16%), headache (8%), diarrhea (7%), somnolence (7%), dry mouth (6%), sexual dysfunction (6%), and hyperhidrosis (5%). Table 2 shows the incidence of adverse reactions that occurred in 2% of patients treated with AUVELITY and more frequently than in patients treated with placebo in Study 1. Table 2: Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥2% of Adult Patients with MDD Treated with AUVELITY and More Frequently than in Patients Treated with Placebo in a 6-Week Placebo-Controlled Study (Study 1) a Sexual dysfunction includes orgasm abnormal, erectile dysfunction, libido decreased, anorgasmia b Fatigue includes fatigue, lethargy c Paraesthesia includes paraesthesia, hypoaesthesia Adverse Reaction AUVELITY (N=162) % Placebo (N=164) % Dizziness 16 6 Nausea 13 9 Headache 8 4 Diarrhea 7 3 Somnolence 7 3 Dry mouth 6 2 Sexual dysfunction a 6 0 Hyperhidrosis 5 0 Anxiety 4 1 Constipation 4 2 Decreased appetite 4 1 Insomnia 4 2 Arthralgia 3 0 Fatigue b 3 2 Paraesthesia c 3 0 Vision blurred 3 0 Agitation Associated with Dementia Due to Alzheimers Disease The data below are based on the 5-week, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study in which either AUVELITY (n=159) or placebo (n=158) was administered twice daily to patients with agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimers disease.
Adverse Reactions Leading to Discontinuation In the 5-week placebo-controlled study, 1.3% of patients treated with AUVELITY and 1.3% of placebo-treated patients discontinued participation due to adverse reactions. No individual adverse reaction leading to discontinuation occurred in more than one subject. Most Common Adverse Reactions In the 5-week placebo-controlled clinical study, the most common (incidence 5% for AUVELITY and more than twice as frequently as placebo) adverse reactions consisted of dizziness (9%) and dyspepsia (6%). Table 3 shows the incidence of adverse reactions that occurred in 2% of patients treated with AUVELITY and more frequently than in patients treated with placebo in a 5-week placebo-controlled study (Study 3). Table 3: Adverse Reactions Occurring in ≥2% of Adult Patients with Agitation Associated with Dementia Due to Alzheimer’s Disease Treated with AUVELITY and More Frequently than in Patients Treated with Placebo in a 5-Week Placebo-Controlled Study (Study 3) a Dizziness includes Vertigo, Dizziness postural, Balance disorder. b Somnolence includes Somnolence, Hypersomnia. c Dyspepsia includes Abdominal discomfort, Dyspepsia, Gastritis, Abdominal pain upper, Gastroesophageal reflux disease. d Fatigue includes Asthenia, Lethargy, Fatigue. e Nausea includes Nausea, Vomiting. f Psychotic symptom includes Catatonia, Delusion, Hallucination, Hallucination visual. g Confusional State includes Confusional state, Delirium, Disorientation. h Bacterial infection includes Abscess limb, Staphylococcal infection, Urinary tract infection.
Adverse Reaction AUVELITY (N=159) % Placebo (N=158) % Dizziness a 9 3 Somnolence b 8 4 Dyspepsiac 6 1 Fatigue d 6 3 Nausea e 5 3 Dry Mouth 4 3 Headache 4 3 Constipation 3 0 Psychotic symptom f 3 0 Confusional state g 3 1 Cough 3 1 Bacterial infection h 3 1
Postmarketing Experience
The following adverse reactions have been identified with the use of theAUVELITY and its individual components of AUVELITY, dextromethorphan and bupropion, during postmarketing use. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. AUVELITY: Feeling abnormal, tinnitus, and tremor.
Dextromethorphan Drowsiness, dizziness, nervousness or restlessness, nausea, vomiting, and stomach pain. Bupropion Body (General) : Arthralgia, myalgia, and fever with rash and other symptoms suggestive of delayed hypersensitivity. These symptoms may resemble serum sickness.
Cardiovascular: Complete atrioventricular block, extrasystoles, hypotension, hypertension (in some cases severe), phlebitis, pulmonary embolism, and Brugada pattern/syndrome. Digestive: Colitis, esophagitis, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, gum hemorrhage, hepatitis, intestinal perforation, pancreatitis, and stomach ulcer. Endocrine: Hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.
Hemic and Lymphatic: Anemia, leukocytosis, leukopenia, lymphadenopathy, pancytopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Altered PT and/or INR, infrequently associated with hemorrhagic or thrombotic complications, were observed when bupropion was coadministered with warfarin. Metabolic and Nutritional: Glycosuria.
Musculoskeletal: Muscle rigidity/fever/rhabdomyolysis and muscle weakness. Nervous System: Abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG), aggression, agitation, akinesia, aphasia, coma, completed suicide, delirium, delusions, depression, dysarthria, euphoria, extrapyramidal syndrome (dyskinesia, dystonia, hypokinesia, parkinsonism), hallucinations, homicidal ideation, hostility, increased libido, manic reaction, neuralgia, neuropathy, panic, paranoid ideation, psychosis, restlessness, suicide ideation, suicide attempt, unmasking tardive dyskinesia, aseptic meningitis, and tremor. Respiratory: Pneumonia.
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Alopecia, angioedema, exfoliative dermatitis, hirsutism, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, and drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Special Senses: Deafness, increased intraocular pressure, mydriasis, and tinnitus. Urogenital : Abnormal ejaculation, cystitis, dyspareunia, dysuria, gynecomastia, menopause, painful erection, salpingitis, urinary incontinence, urinary retention, and vaginitis.
Warnings & Cautions for Auvelity
Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in Adolescents and Young Adults
In pooled analyses of placebo-controlled trials of antidepressant drugs (SSRIs and other antidepressant classes) that included approximately 77,000 adult patients and 4,500 pediatric patients, the incidence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in antidepressant-treated patients age 24 years and younger was greater than in placebo-treated patients. There was considerable variation in risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among drugs, but there was an increased risk identified in young patients for most drugs studied. There were differences in absolute risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors across the different indications, with the highest incidence in patients with MDD. The drug-placebo differences in the number of cases of suicidal thoughts and behaviors per 1000 patients treated are provided in Table 1. Table 1: Risk Differences of the Number of Patients of Suicidal Thoughts and Behavior in the Pooled Placebo-Controlled Trials of Antidepressants in Pediatric* and Adult Patients *AUVELITY is not approved for use in pediatric patients.
Age Range Drug-Placebo Difference in Number of Patients of Suicidal Thoughts or Behaviors per 1000 Patients Treated Increases Compared to Placebo <18 years old 14 additional patients 18-24 years old 5 additional patients Decreases Compared to Placebo 25-64 years old 1 fewer patient ≥65 years old 6 fewer patients It is unknown whether the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in children, adolescents, and young adults extends to longer-term use, i.e., beyond four months. However, there is substantial evidence from placebo-controlled maintenance studies in adults with MDD that antidepressants delay the recurrence of depression and that depression itself is a risk factor for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Monitor all antidepressant-treated patients for any indication for clinical worsening and emergence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors, especially during the initial few months of drug therapy, and at times of dosage changes.
Counsel family members or caregivers of patients to monitor for changes in behavior and to alert the healthcare provider. Consider changing the therapeutic regimen, including possibly discontinuing AUVELITY, in patients whose depression is persistently worse, or who are experiencing emergent suicidal thoughts or behaviors.
Seizure Bupropion, a component of
AUVELITY, can cause seizure. The risk of seizure with bupropion is dose-related. When a bupropion hydrochloride (HCl) sustained-release tablet was dosed up to 300 mg per day (approximately 1.5 times the maximum recommended daily dosage of AUVELITY), the incidence of seizure was approximately 0.1% (1/1,000) and increased to approximately 0.4% (4/1,000) at the maximum recommended dosage for the sustained-release tablet of 400 mg per day (approximately 2 times the maximum recommended daily dosage of AUVELITY). The risk of seizures is also related to patient factors, clinical situations, and concomitant medications that lower the seizure threshold.
Consider these risks before initiating treatment with AUVELITY. AUVELITY is contraindicated in patients with a seizure disorder, current or prior diagnosis of anorexia nervosa or bulimia, or undergoing abrupt discontinuation of alcohol, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and antiepileptic drugs . The following conditions can also increase the risk of seizure: severe head injury; arteriovenous malformation; CNS tumor or CNS infection; severe stroke; concomitant use of other medications that lower the seizure threshold (e.g., other bupropion products, antipsychotics, tricyclic antidepressants, theophylline, and systemic corticosteroids); metabolic disorders (e.g., hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, severe hepatic impairment, and hypoxia); use of illicit drugs (e.g., cocaine); or abuse or misuse of prescription drugs such as CNS stimulants. Additional predisposing conditions include diabetes mellitus treated with oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin; use of anorectic drugs; and excessive use of alcohol, benzodiazepines, sedative/hypnotics, or opiates. Because the risk of seizure with bupropion is dose-related, screen patients for use of other bupropion-containing products prior to initiating AUVELITY . If concomitant use of AUVELITY with other bupropion-containing products is clinically warranted, inform patients of the risk.
Discontinue AUVELITY and do not restart treatment if the patient experiences a seizure.
Increased Blood Pressure and Hypertension
AUVELITY contains bupropion, which can cause elevated blood pressure and hypertension. The risk of hypertension is increased if AUVELITY is used concomitantly with MAOIs or other drugs that increase dopaminergic or noradrenergic activity . Data from a comparative trial of a sustained-release tablet formulation of bupropion HCl, nicotine transdermal system (NTS), the combination of sustained-release bupropion plus NTS, and placebo as an aid to smoking cessation suggest a higher incidence of hypertension in patients treated with the combination of sustained-release bupropion and NTS. In this trial, 6.1% of subjects treated with the combination of sustained-release bupropion and NTS had hypertension compared with 2.5%, 1.6%, and 3.1% of subjects treated with sustained-release bupropion, NTS, and placebo, respectively. The majority of these subjects had evidence of pre-existing hypertension.
Three subjects (1.2%) treated with the combination of sustained-release bupropion and NTS and 1 subject (0.4%) treated with NTS had study medication discontinued due to hypertension compared with none of the subjects treated with sustained-release bupropion or placebo. Monitor blood pressure in patients who receive the combination of bupropion and nicotine replacement. In a clinical trial of an immediate-release bupropion tablet formulation in MDD subjects with stable congestive heart failure (N=36), bupropion was associated with an exacerbation of pre-existing hypertension in 2 subjects, leading to discontinuation of bupropion treatment.
There are no controlled trials assessing the safety of bupropion in patients with a recent history of myocardial infarction or unstable cardiac disease. Assess blood pressure prior to initiating treatment, and periodically monitor blood pressure during treatment with AUVELITY .
Activation of Mania or Hypomania Antidepressant treatment can precipitate a manic, mixed
or hypomanic manic episode. The risk appears to be increased in patients with bipolar disorder or who have risk factors for bipolar disorder. Prior to initiating AUVELITY, screen patients for a history of bipolar disorder and the presence of risk factors for bipolar disorder (e.g., family history of bipolar disorder, suicide, or depression) . AUVELITY is not approved for use in treating bipolar depression.
Psychosis and Other Neuropsychiatric Reactions
AUVELITY contains bupropion. Depressed patients treated with bupropion have had a variety of neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms, including delusions, hallucinations, psychosis, concentration disturbance, paranoia, and confusion. Some of these patients had a diagnosis of bipolar disorder.
In some cases, these symptoms abated upon dose reduction and/or withdrawal of treatment. AUVELITY contains dextromethorphan. Dextromethorphan overdose can cause toxic psychosis, stupor, coma, and hyperexcitability . Because the risks of neuropsychiatric reactions are dose-related, screen patients for use of other bupropion- or dextromethorphan-containing products prior to initiating AUVELITY. If concomitant use of AUVELITY with other bupropion- or dextromethorphan-containing products is clinically warranted, monitor patients for neuropsychiatric reactions and instruct patients to contact a healthcare provider if such reactions occur.
Angle-Closure Glaucoma
The pupillary dilation that occurs following use of many antidepressant drugs including bupropion, a component of AUVELITY, may trigger an angle closure attack in a patient with anatomically narrow angles who does not have a patent iridectomy. Avoid use of antidepressants, including AUVELITY, in patients with untreated anatomically narrow angles.
Dizziness
AUVELITY may cause dizziness . In controlled studies of AUVELITY in depression, 14% of patients receiving AUVELITY and 6% of patients on placebo experienced dizziness. In a short-term controlled study of AUVELITY in agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease, 9% of patients receiving AUVELITY and 3% of patients on placebo experienced dizziness. Take precautions to reduce the risk of falls, particularly for patients with motor impairment affecting gait or those with a history of falls.
Caution patients about operating hazardous machinery, including motor vehicles, until they are reasonably certain that AUVELITY therapy does not affect them adversely.
Serotonin Syndrome
AUVELITY contains dextromethorphan. Concomitant use of AUVELITY with SSRIs or tricyclic antidepressants may cause serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening condition with changes including altered mental status, hypertension, restlessness, myoclonus, hyperthermia, hyperreflexia, diaphoresis, shivering, and tremor . The concomitant use of AUVELITY with MAOIs is contraindicated. In addition, do not initiate AUVELITY in a patient being treated with MAOIs such as linezolid or intravenous methylene blue.
If it is necessary to initiate treatment with an MAOI such as linezolid or intravenous methylene blue in a patient taking AUVELITY discontinue AUVELITY before initiating treatment with the MAOI . Prior to initiating AUVELITY, screen patients for use of other dextromethorphan-containing products . If concomitant use of AUVELITY with other serotonergic drugs is clinically warranted, inform patients of the increased risk for serotonin syndrome and monitor for symptoms. Discontinue AUVELITY and/or concomitant serotonergic drug immediately if the above symptoms occur, and initiate supportive symptomatic treatment.
Embryo-fetal Toxicity
Based on animal studies, AUVELITY may cause fetal harm when administered during pregnancy. In developmental toxicity studies in rats and rabbits, when a combination of dextromethorphan/quinidine was given to pregnant animals, fetal malformations (rabbits) and embryolethality were demonstrated in offspring. Neurotoxicity findings were observed in juvenile rats treated with a combination of dextromethorphan/quinidine on postnatal day (PND) 7, which corresponds to the third trimester of gestation through the first few months of life and may extend through the first three years of life in humans.
The separate effect of dextromethorphan on developmental toxicity at the recommended clinical dose is unclear. Discontinue treatment in pregnant females and advise the patient about the potential risk to a fetus. Use alternative treatment for females who are planning to become pregnant . 5.10 Hyponatremia Hyponatremia has occurred as a result of treatment with AUVELITY. One case with serum sodium of 115 mmol/L was reported in a subject treated with AUVELITY in a premarketing clinical study.
Geriatric patients may be at greater risk of developing hyponatremia. Hyponatremia may be the result of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). Concomitant use of Auvelity with a serotonergic antidepressant may increase the risk of hyponatremia. Also, patients taking diuretics or who are otherwise volume-depleted can be at greater risk.
Discontinue AUVELITY in patients with symptomatic hyponatremia and institute appropriate medical intervention. Signs and symptoms of hyponatremia include headache, difficulty concentrating, memory impairment, confusion, weakness, and unsteadiness, which can lead to falls. More severe and/or acute cases have included hallucination, syncope, seizure, coma, respiratory arrest, and death.
Drug Interactions with Auvelity
Drugs Having Clinically Important Interactions with
AUVELITY Table 4: Clinically Important Drug Interactions with AUVELITY Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) Clinical Impact Concomitant use of AUVELITY with MAOIs increases the risk of hypertensive crisis and serotonin syndrome. Intervention AUVELITY is contraindicated in patients taking MAOIs (including MAOIs such as linezolid or intravenous methylene blue) or in patients who have taken MAOIs within the preceding 14 days. Allow at least 14 days after stopping AUVELITY before starting an MAOI Serotonergic Drugs Clinical Impact Concomitant use of AUVELITY with other serotonergic drugs increases the risk of serotonin syndrome.
Intervention Monitor for symptoms of serotonin syndrome when AUVELITY is used concomitantly with other drugs that may affect the serotonergic neurotransmitter systems. If serotonin syndrome occurs, consider discontinuation of AUVELITY and/or concomitant serotonergic drug . Drugs that Lower Seizure Threshold Clinical Impact AUVELITY contains bupropion which can cause seizure. Co-administration with other drugs that lower seizure threshold may increase risk of seizure.
Intervention Use caution when administering AUVELITY concomitantly with drugs that lower the seizure threshold . Discontinue AUVELITY and do not restart treatment if the patient experiences a seizure. Strong Inhibitors of CYP2D6 Clinical Impact Concomitant use of AUVELITY with strong CYP2D6 inhibitors increases plasma concentrations of dextromethorphan. Intervention Dosage adjustment is necessary when AUVELITY is co-administered with strong inhibitors of CYP2D6 . Monitor patients for adverse reactions potentially attributable to dextromethorphan, such as somnolence and dizziness.
Strong Inducers of CYP2B6 Clinical Impact Concomitant use of AUVELITY with strong CYP2B6 inducers decreases plasma concentrations of dextromethorphan and bupropion and may decrease efficacy of AUVELITY . Intervention Avoid co-administration of AUVELITY with strong inducers of CYP2B6. Consider alternatives to strong CYP2B6 inducers if needed. Drugs Metabolized by CYP2D6 Clinical Impact CYP2D6 Substrates Coadministration of AUVELITY with drugs that are metabolized by CYP2D6 can increase the exposures of drugs that are substrates of CYP2D6. Drugs that Require Metabolic Activation by CYP2D6 Drugs that require metabolic activation by CYP2D6 to be effective could have reduced efficacy when administered concomitantly with AUVELITY. Intervention CYP2D6 Substrates When used concomitantly with AUVELITY, it may be necessary to decrease the dose of CYP2D6 substrates, particularly for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index. Drugs that Require Metabolic Activation by CYP2D6 Patients treated concomitantly with AUVELITY may require increased doses of drugs that require activation by CYP2D6 to be effective.
Digoxin Clinical Impact Coadministration of AUVELITY with digoxin may decrease plasma digoxin levels. Intervention Monitor plasma digoxin levels in patients treated concomitantly with AUVELITY and digoxin . Dopaminergic Drugs Clinical Impact CNS toxicity was reported when bupropion was co-administered with levodopa or amantadine. Adverse reactions include restlessness, agitation, tremor, ataxia, gait disturbance, vertigo, and dizziness.
Intervention Use caution when administering AUVELITY concomitantly with dopaminergic drugs. Alcohol Clinical Impact AUVELITY contains bupropion which can increase adverse neuropsychiatric events or reduce alcohol tolerance. Intervention Consumption of alcohol should be minimized or avoided during treatment with AUVELITY.
Drug-Laboratory Test Interactions False-positive urine immunoassay screening tests for amphetamines have been
reported in patients taking bupropion. This is due to lack of specificity of some screening tests. False positive test results may result even following discontinuation of bupropion therapy.
Confirmatory tests, such as gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, will distinguish bupropion from amphetamines.
Pregnancy Safety for Auvelity
Pregnancy Pregnancy Exposure Registry There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to antidepressants, including AUVELITY, during pregnancy. Healthcare providers are encouraged to register patients by contacting the National Pregnancy Registry for Antidepressants at 1-866-961-2388 or online at: https://womensmentalhealth.org/research/pregnancyregistry/antidepressants/. Risk Summary Based on animal studies, AUVELITY may cause fetal harm when administered during pregnancy. AUVELITY is not recommended during pregnancy.
If a female becomes pregnant while being treated with AUVELITY, discontinue treatment and counsel the patient about the potential risk to a fetus . In oral studies conducted in rats and rabbits, a combination of dextromethorphan/quinidine demonstrated developmental toxicity, including fetal malformations (rabbits) and embryolethality, when given to pregnant animals. When bupropion alone was administered to pregnant rats during organogenesis, there was no evidence of fetal malformations at doses up to approximately 21 times the maximum recommended human dose (MRHD) of 210 mg/day. When bupropion alone was given to pregnant rabbits during organogenesis, non-dose–related increases in incidence of fetal malformations, and skeletal variations were observed at doses approximately 2 to 5 times the MRHD and greater.
Decreased fetal weights were seen at bupropion doses approximately 5 times the MRHD and greater. Neurotoxicity findings were observed in juvenile rats treated with a combination of dextromethorphan/quinidine on postnatal day (PND) 7, which corresponds to the third trimester of gestation through the first few months of life and may extend through the first three years of life in humans. Based on these findings, AUVELITY may cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant women (see Data ). The available clinical data on the use of AUVELITY during pregnancy is insufficient to evaluate for a drug-associated risk of major birth malformations, miscarriage, or other adverse maternal or fetal outcomes.
However, there are available data on one of the individual components of AUVELITY, bupropion. Data from epidemiological studies of pregnant women exposed to bupropion in the first trimester have not identified an increased risk of congenital malformations overall (see Data ). There are risks to the mother associated with untreated depression in pregnancy (see Clinical Considerations ). The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated population is unknown. All pregnancies have a background risk of birth defect, loss, or other adverse outcomes.
In the U.S. general population, the estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2% to 4% and 15% to 20%, respectively. Clinical Considerations Disease-Associated Maternal and/or Embryo/Fetal Risk A prospective, longitudinal study followed 201 pregnant women with a history of major depressive disorder who were euthymic and taking antidepressants during pregnancy at the beginning of pregnancy. The women who discontinued antidepressants during pregnancy were more likely to experience a relapse of major depression than women who continued antidepressants.
Consider the risks to the mother of untreated depression and potential effects on the fetus when discontinuing or changing treatment with antidepressant medications during pregnancy and postpartum. Data Human Data Bupropion Data from the international bupropion Pregnancy Registry (675 first trimester exposures) and a retrospective cohort study using the United Healthcare database (1,213 first trimester exposures) did not show an increased risk for malformations overall. The Registry was not designed or powered to evaluate specific defects but suggested a possible increase in cardiac malformations.
No increased risk for cardiovascular malformations overall has been observed after bupropion exposure during the first trimester. The prospectively observed rate of cardiovascular malformations in pregnancies with exposure to bupropion in the first trimester from the international bupropion Pregnancy Registry was 1.3% (9 cardiovascular malformations/675 first trimester maternal bupropion exposures), which is similar to the background rate of cardiovascular malformations (approximately 1%). Data from the United Healthcare database, which had a limited number of exposed cases with cardiovascular malformations, and a case-control study (11,700 infants with cardiovascular malformations and 20,093 infants with non-cardiovascular malformations) of self-reported antidepressant use, including bupropion (n=728), from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) did not show an increased risk for cardiovascular malformations overall after bupropion exposure during the first trimester. Study findings on bupropion exposure during the first trimester and risk for left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) or ventricular septal defect (VSD) are inconsistent and do not allow conclusions regarding a possible association.
The United Healthcare database lacked sufficient power to evaluate the LVOTO association. NBDPS found slightly increased risk for LVOTO after partially accounting for underlying maternal conditions (n = 14; adjusted odds ratio = 1.18; 95% CI: 0.58, 2.43), and the Slone Epidemiology case control study did not find increased risk for LVOTO. The Slone Epidemiology Study found an increased risk for VSD following first trimester maternal bupropion exposure (n = 17; adjusted OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.3, 5.0) but did not find increased risk for any other cardiovascular malformations studied (including LVOTO as above). The NBDPS and United Healthcare database study did not find an association between first trimester maternal bupropion exposure and VSD. For the findings of LVOTO and VSD, the studies were limited by the small number of exposed cases, inconsistent findings among studies, and the potential for chance findings from multiple comparisons in case control studies. Animal Data In studies conducted in pregnant mice, dextromethorphan-bupropion was administered orally during the period of organogenesis at doses of 0-0, 26-57, 34-75, and 68-150 mg/kg/day, respectively.
Administration of dextromethorphan-bupropion did not affect body weight, weight gain, food consumption, or pregnancy at any dose level and did not produce gross pathologic findings or placental or fetal findings at any dose level. The no-effect level for reproductive organ findings in mice was 68-150 mg/kg in both sexes, which is approximately 3.7/3.5 times the MRHD for AUVELITY on a mg/m 2 basis. When dextromethorphan/quinidine was administered orally (0/0, 5/100, 15/100, and 50/100 mg/kg/day) to pregnant rats during the period of organogenesis, embryo-fetal deaths were observed at the highest dose tested and reduced skeletal ossification was observed at all doses.
Oral administration to pregnant rabbits during organogenesis in two separate studies (0/0, 5/60, 15/60, and 30/60 mg/kg/day; 0/0, 5/100, 15/100, and 50/100 mg/kg/day) resulted in an increased incidence of fetal malformations at all but the lowest dose tested. When dextromethorphan/quinidine was orally administered to female rats during pregnancy and lactation in two separate studies (0/0, 5/100, 15/100, and 30/100 mg/kg/day; 0/0, 5/100, 15/100, and 50/100 mg/kg/day), pup survival and pup weight were decreased at all doses, and developmental delay was observed in offspring at the mid and high doses. A no-effect dose for adverse developmental effects was not identified.
When dextromethorphan/quinidine was orally administered (0/0, 5/50, 15/50, 25/50 mg/kg) to male and female rats on postnatal day (PND) 7, the highest dose resulted in neuronal death in brain (thalamus and medulla oblongata). PND 7 in rat corresponds to the third trimester of gestation through the first several months of life but may extend to approximately three years of age in humans. In studies conducted in pregnant rats and rabbits, bupropion alone was administered orally during the period of organogenesis at doses of up to 450 and 150 mg/kg/day, respectively (approximately 21 and 14 times the MRHD, respectively, on a mg/m 2 basis). There was no evidence of fetal malformations in rats. When given to pregnant rabbits during organogenesis, non-dose–related increases in incidence of fetal malformations and skeletal variations were observed at the lowest dose tested (25 mg/kg/day, approximately 2 times the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis) and greater.
Decreased fetal weights were observed at doses of 50 mg/kg/day (approximately 5 times the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis) and greater. No maternal toxicity was evident at doses of 50 mg/kg/day or less. In a pre- and postnatal development study, bupropion administered orally to pregnant rats at doses of up to 150 mg/kg/day (approximately 7 times the MRHD on a mg/m 2 basis) from embryonic implantation through lactation had no effect on pup growth or development.
Pediatric Use of Auvelity
Pediatric Use The safety and effectiveness of AUVELITY have not been established in pediatric patients. AUVELITY contains bupropion. Antidepressants, including bupropion, increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in pediatric patients .
Contraindications for Auvelity
is contraindicated in patients: with a seizure disorder . with a current or prior diagnosis of bulimia or anorexia nervosa as a higher incidence of seizures was observed in such patients treated with the immediate-release formulation of bupropion . undergoing abrupt discontinuation of alcohol, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and antiepileptic drugs . taking, or within 14 days of stopping, MAOIs due to the risk of serious and possibly fatal drug interactions, including hypertensive crisis and serotonin syndrome . Starting AUVELITY in a patient treated with reversible MAOIs such as linezolid or intravenous methylene blue is contraindicated. with known hypersensitivity to bupropion, dextromethorphan, or other components of AUVELITY. Anaphylactoid/anaphylactic reactions and Stevens-Johnson syndrome have been reported with bupropion. Arthralgia, myalgia, fever with rash, and other serum sickness-like symptoms suggestive of delayed hypersensitivity have also been reported with bupropion . Seizure disorder. Current or prior diagnosis of bulimia or anorexia nervosa.
Abrupt discontinuation of alcohol, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and antiepileptic drugs. Use with an MAOI or within 14 days of stopping treatment with AUVELITY. Do not use AUVELITY within 14 days of discontinuing an MAOI. Known hypersensitivity to bupropion, dextromethorphan, or other components of AUVELITY.
Overdosage Information for Auvelity
Human Experience There is limited clinical study experience regarding human overdosage with AUVELITY. Overdosage information is based on experience with the individual components, dextromethorphan and bupropion. Metabolism of the dextromethorphan component of AUVELITY is inhibited by the bupropion component, such that overdose due to AUVELITY might be more severe or more persistent compared to overdose of dextromethorphan alone. Dextromethorphan Symptoms of dextromethorphan overdose include nausea, vomiting, stupor, coma, respiratory depression, seizures, tachycardia, hyperexcitability, and toxic psychosis.
Other adverse effects include ataxia, nystagmus, dystonia, blurred vision, and changes in muscle reflexes. Dextromethorphan may cause serotonin syndrome, and this risk is increased by overdose, particularly if taken with other serotonergic agents, SSRIs or tricyclic antidepressants. Bupropion Overdoses of up to 30 grams or more of bupropion (approximately 143 times the maximum recommended dose of AUVELITY) have been reported.
Seizure was reported in approximately one-third of all cases. Other serious reactions reported with overdoses of bupropion alone included hallucinations, loss of consciousness, mental status changes, sinus tachycardia, ECG changes such as conduction disturbances (including QRS prolongation) or arrhythmias, clonus, myoclonus, and hyperreflexia. Fever, muscle rigidity, rhabdomyolysis, hypotension, stupor, coma, and respiratory failure have been reported mainly when bupropion was part of multiple drug overdoses.
Although most patients recovered without sequelae, deaths associated with overdoses of bupropion alone have been reported in patients ingesting large doses of the drug. Multiple uncontrolled seizures, bradycardia, cardiac failure, and cardiac arrest prior to death were reported in these patients. Overdosage Management Treatment of dextromethorphan overdosage should be directed at symptomatic and supportive measures.
There are no known antidotes for bupropion. In case of an overdose, provide supportive care, including close medical supervision and monitoring. Consider the possibility of multiple drug overdose.
Ensure an adequate airway, oxygenation, and ventilation. Monitor cardiac rhythm and vital signs. Induction of emesis is not recommended.
Consider contacting a Poison Help Line (1-800-222-1222) or a medical toxicologist for overdosage management recommendations for AUVELITY.
Clinical Studies of Auvelity
Major Depressive Disorder
The efficacy of AUVELITY for the treatment of MDD in adults was demonstrated in a placebo-controlled clinical study (Study 1, NCT04019704) and confirmatory evidence which included a second study comparing AUVELITY to bupropion hydrochloride sustained-release tablets (Study 2, NCT03595579). In Study 1, adult patients (18 to 65 years of age) who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‑5) criteria for MDD were randomized to receive AUVELITY (45 mg dextromethorphan hydrobromide / 105 mg bupropion hydrochloride) twice daily (N=156) or placebo twice daily (N=162) for 6 weeks. Patients in Study 1 had a median age of 41 years and were 67% female, 55% Caucasian, 35% Black, and 5% Asian. The primary outcome measure was the change from baseline to Week 6 in the total score of the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). The MADRS is a clinician-rated scale used to assess the severity of depressive symptoms.
Patients are rated on 10 items to assess feelings of sadness, inner tension, reduced sleep or appetite, difficulty concentrating, lassitude, lack of interest, pessimism, and suicidality. Scores on the MADRS range from 0 to 60, with higher scores indicating more severe depression. AUVELITY was statistically significantly superior to placebo in improvement of depressive symptoms as measured by decrease in MADRS total score at Week 6 (see Table 5). Table 5: Primary Efficacy Results for Change from Baseline in MADRS Total Score at Week 6 in Adult Patients with MDD (Study 1) Study Treatment Group Mean Baseline Score (SD) LS Mean Change from Baseline (SE) LS Mean Difference a (95% CI) Study 1 AUVELITY (N=156) 33.6 -15.9 -3.9 (-6.4, -1.4) Placebo (N=162) 33.2 -12.1 --- SD=standard deviation; SE=standard error; LS Mean=least-squares mean; CI=confidence interval. a drug – placebo The change from baseline in MADRS total score by week in Study 1 is displayed in Figure 3. The change in MADRS total score from baseline to Week 1 and from baseline to Week 2 were pre-specified secondary efficacy endpoints.
The difference between AUVELITY and placebo in change from baseline in MADRS total score was statistically significant at Week 1 and at Week 2. Figure 3: Change from Baseline in MADRS Total Score by Week (Study 1) SE = Standard Error Examination of demographic subgroups by age, sex, and race did not suggest differences in response. In Study 2, patients with MDD were randomized to receive AUVELITY or bupropion hydrochloride sustained-release tablets 105 mg twice daily for 6 weeks. The primary outcome measure was calculated by assessing the change from baseline in total MADRS score at each on-site visit from Week 1 to Week 6 and then taking the average of those scores.
The results of the study demonstrated that dextromethorphan contributes to the antidepressant properties of AUVELITY. Figure 3
Agitation Associated with Dementia Due to Alzheimer’s Disease
The efficacy of AUVELITY for the treatment of agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease was established in two randomized controlled studies. In these studies, patients were required to: Have a diagnosis of probable Alzheimer’s disease based on the 2011 National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer Association criteria, Have a diagnosis of agitation based on the International Psychogeriatric Association provisional definition of agitation, exhibit moderate to severe symptoms, and require pharmacological intervention for their agitation, and Have a Mini-Mental State Examination score of ≥10 and ≤24, and have a total score of ≥4 on the agitation/aggression item of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory. Study 3 (NCT 03226522) was a 5-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.
Patients were randomized to receive AUVELITY (titrated to 45 mg of dextromethorphan hydrobromide/105 mg of bupropion hydrochloride) twice daily (N=152), placebo twice daily (N=156), or 105 mg bupropion hydrochloride sustained-release (SR) twice daily (N=49; treatment arm terminated early for futility), for 5 weeks. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline to Week 5 in the total score of the Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI). The CMAI is a clinician-rated questionnaire consisting of 29 items, which assess the frequency of manifestations of agitated behaviors in elderly patients, based on caregiver report. Behaviors on the CMAI scale may be further grouped into categories or subscales such as: physically aggressive behaviors, verbally aggressive behaviors, physically non-aggressive behaviors, and verbally non-aggressive behaviors.
Each CMAI behavior was rated on a scale of 1 (never) to 7 (very frequent agitated behaviors). The total CMAI score ranges from 29 (absence of symptoms) to 203 (worst), with higher scores indicating more severe agitation-related and disruptive behaviors. A negative change indicates improvement. AUVELITY was statistically significantly superior to placebo in improvement from baseline in CMAI total score at Week 5 (see Table 6). The change from baseline in CMAI total score by week in Study 3 is displayed in Figure 4. The modified Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study-Clinical Global Impression of Change (mADCS-CGIC) is a 7-point clinician-rated scale ranging from “markedly improved” to “markedly worsened”. On the key secondary endpoint of response on the mADCS-CGIC, a statistically significantly greater proportion of patients treated with AUVELITY were rated as at least minimally improved compared to placebo.
Patients in Study 3 had a median age of 75 years (range 65 to 90 years) and were 56% female, 86% Caucasian, 12% Black, and 1% Asian. Table 6: Primary Efficacy Results for Change from Baseline in CMAI Total Score* at Week 5 in Adult Patients with Agitation Associated with Dementia Due to Alzheimer’s Disease (Study 3) Treatment Group Mean Baseline Score (SD) LS Mean Change from Baseline (SE) LS Mean Difference (95% CI) AUVELITY (N=152) 60.8 -14.9 -3.3 a (-5.8, -0.8) Placebo (N=156) 59.3 -11.6 --- SD=standard deviation; SE=standard error; LS Mean=least-squares mean; CI=confidence interval. *In a supplementary analysis to examine the magnitude and direction of CMAI subscale response, Subscale 1 (physically aggressive behavior), Subscale 2 (physically non-aggressive behavior), Subscale 3 (verbally aggressive behavior), and Subscale 4 (verbally non-aggressive behavior) all scores trended in the same direction with no single factor overly influencing the CMAI total score. a AUVELITY - placebo Figure 4: Change from Baseline in CMAI Total Score by Week (Study 3) Study 4 (NCT 04947553) was a long-term, double-blind, randomized withdrawal study in patients who were known responders to AUVELITY. Patients were treated with AUVELITY, titrated to one 45 mg dextromethorphan/ 105 mg bupropion tablet twice daily, and upon reaching a sustained clinical response were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either continue treatment with AUVELITY or switch to placebo, in a double-blind fashion. Sustained clinical response was defined as an improvement in the CMAI total score of ≥5 points, and improvement on the Patient Global Impression of Change, that was maintained for at least 4 weeks.
The primary endpoint was time to relapse during the up to 6-month double-blind phase. Relapse was defined as a ≥10-point worsening from randomization in the CMAI total score or a CMAI total score greater than that prior to any treatment with AUVELITY for 2 consecutive weeks, or hospitalization or other institutionalization due to agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease. In Study 4, patients who continued treatment with AUVELITY experienced a statistically significantly longer time to relapse of agitation symptoms than did patients on placebo.
The Kaplan-Meier curve of the time to relapse of agitation symptoms is presented in Figure 5. Patients in Study 4 had a median age of 73 years (range 65 to 89 years) and were 63% female, 92% Caucasian, and 7% Black. Figure 5: Kaplan-Meier Plot of Time from Randomization to Relapse of Agitation Symptoms (Study 4) Examination of demographic subgroups by age, sex, and race did not suggest differences in response. Figure 4 Figure 5
Drug information sourced from the FDA. This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional before making any medication decisions.
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