Written and medically reviewed by Dorcas Morak, Pharm.D
As we approach the fall and winter seasons, the COVID-19 landscape continues to evolve. With an unexpectedly significant surge in summer COVID-19 infections and the typical seasonal uptick just around the corner, the arrival of updated COVID-19 vaccines brings renewed hope for enhanced protection. Here is what you need to know about the latest COVID-19 vaccines and how they can help you stay safe this season.
What is New About This Year’s Updated COVID Vaccines?
The COVID-19 vaccines for the fall and winter of 2024–25 come with some important updates. This year, there are three main options:
- mRNA Vaccines: There are mRNA vaccines from Moderna and Pfizer. These vaccines have been updated to target the KP.2 strain, one of the FLiRT variants responsible for most infections this summer.
- Protein-Based Vaccine: Novavax has developed the third option, a protein-based vaccine targeting the JN.1 variant, which was predominant in early 2024 and serves as the parent strain for KP.2 and other current variants.
Who Should Get the Updated COVID Vaccine?
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that everyone six months and older receive the updated COVID-19 vaccine. Here’s a breakdown of recommendations:
- Children Aged 6 Months to 4 Years: Vaccination is advised, but the specific schedule may vary based on previous vaccinations and age. Parents should consult CDC guidelines and their child’s pediatrician.
- Individuals Aged 5 Years and Above: A single dose of the updated vaccine is recommended, regardless of previous vaccination status. If you have been vaccinated recently, you should wait at least two months before getting the updated shot.
- People with compromised immune systems may need additional doses, so it is best to consult a healthcare provider for personalized advice.
When Is the Best Time to Get Vaccinated?
If you have not had COVID-19 recently, consider getting vaccinated when the updated vaccine becomes available for summer wave protection in late August or early September. Vaccinating by mid-October can boost immunity before the seasonal COVID-19 peak from November to January. Ensure you are vaccinated at least two weeks before high-risk events like holiday gatherings to allow time for immunity to develop.
What If I Recently Had COVID?
If you have recently had COVID-19, the CDC recommends waiting about three months from symptom onset or a positive test before getting vaccinated. High-risk individuals should follow the three-month guideline unless advised otherwise by a doctor.
Which of the updated COVID Vaccines is Right for me?
Moderna and Pfizer mRNA vaccines are highly effective against the KP.2 variant with similar side effects. Novavax, a protein-based vaccine, targets the JN.1 variant and is an alternative for those with adverse reactions to mRNA vaccines. All updated vaccines offer substantial protection, so choose based on personal preferences and past reactions.
Is the COVID Vaccine Free?
Most private insurance, Medicare Part D, and Medicaid plans cover COVID vaccines. The CDC’s Vaccines for Children Program offers free vaccines for those under 18. For the uninsured, you can save with the RxLess® App or an RxLess® Coupon.
Can I Still Get COVID If Vaccinated?
Yes, vaccinated individuals may still get COVID but are more likely to have mild symptoms and are far less likely to face severe illness or hospitalization. The updated vaccines protect against infection for up to three months and severe disease for up to six months. Immunity varies, so regular boosters are recommended.
Can I Combine the COVID and Flu Vaccines?
You can receive the COVID-19 vaccine and flu shot simultaneously. Studies indicate that getting both vaccines in a single visit doesn’t impact the efficacy of either shot. This is a practical approach to ensuring comprehensive protection against seasonal illnesses for those at higher risk.
