Written and medically reviewed by Dorcas Morak, Pharm.D
Gout is a painful form of arthritis that occurs when uric acid crystals build up in the joints, causing sudden pain, swelling, and warmth. It has been known since ancient times as the "disease of kings" because of its link to rich foods and wine. Today, gout prevalence has increased over the past two decades, mainly due to factors like obesity and the Western diet. Continue reading to learn more about gout.
What are the Causes of Gout?
Gout occurs when uric acid, a waste product from breaking down certain foods and drinks, builds up in the body. Normally, kidneys get rid of it through urine. But as we age, our bodies can't eliminate uric acid as effectively, leading to higher levels in the blood (hyperuricemia). Not everyone with high uric acid gets gout, but when uric acid crystals form in the joints, they trigger inflammation and cause gout symptoms.
What are the Risk Factors of Gout?
Risk factors for gout can be either unchangeable or changeable. Unchangeable risk factors include age (higher risk in people over 65), sex (higher in males), and family history.
On the other hand, changeable risk factors are those that can be modified to reduce or prevent the occurrence of gout. These include medical conditions (e.g., high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes), medications (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide), diet (e.g., red meat, shellfish, and high-fructose corn syrup), and alcohol consumption.
What are the Symptoms of Gout?
A gout attack often starts unexpectedly, waking you with sudden, severe joint pain. The big toe and knee are common initial sites, but any joint can be affected. Symptoms include
- Intense pain
- Swelling
- Redness
- Warmth
- Tenderness
- Difficulty using the joint
- Fever
How is Gout Diagnosed?
Gout is diagnosed by a healthcare provider who may perform a joint aspiration to remove fluid from the joint and check for uric acid crystals. However, diagnosis can often be made based on risk factors, tophi (urate crystal deposits), and elevated uric acid levels without this procedure. X-rays may also be used to rule out fractures or osteoarthritis.
What are Available Treatment Options for Gout?
Gout is one of the most treatable forms of arthritis, with management divided into acute and long-term treatment strategies:
Treatment of Acute Gout Attacks
The key to managing a gout attack is to start treatment at the first sign of symptoms. Delaying treatment makes the attack more challenging to manage. Medications for acute gout attacks include:
- Colchicine (Colcrys): An effective treatment option that helps reduce inflammation and pain.
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): Medications like indomethacin (Indocin) or naproxen (Aleve) are commonly used.
- Steroids: Prednisone or injected steroids can provide relief.
Long-Term Treatment of Gout
Long-term management aims to lower uric acid levels to prevent future attacks. Medications for long-term treatment include:
- Allopurinol (Zyloprim): Lowers uric acid levels by reducing its production.
- Febuxostat (Uloric): Another option for reducing uric acid levels.
- Probenecid: Used less frequently but still effective.
How Long Does Gout Treatment Last?
Patients usually need to take these medications for life to keep uric acid levels below 6.0 milligrams per deciliter, preventing uric acid crystals. During this time, a secondary medication like colchicine (Colcrys), NSAIDs, or steroids may be prescribed to avoid flare-ups until uric acid levels stabilize.
What is the Fastest Way to Get Rid of Gout?
The quickest relief from a gout attack is taking flare medications (colchicine, NSAIDs, or steroids) at the first sign of symptoms. For long-term management, it's crucial to maintain proper uric acid levels with medications like allopurinol (Zyloprim) or febuxostat (Uloric).
How Can I Save on Gout Medications Using RxLess?
A: You can save on gout medications with RxLess by following these steps:
- Download the free mobile app or visit the RxLess website: Click here to download the free app and join the RxLess Assurance Plan or go to RxLess.com and enter the name of your gout medication in the search bar.
- Compare prices: RxLess will show you the prices of your medication at various pharmacies in your area.
- Select a coupon: Choose the best coupon or discount card available for your medication.
- Show the coupon at the pharmacy: Print or show the coupon on your phone when you pick up your medication to receive the discount.
Using RxLess can help you significantly reduce the cost of your gout medications, making them more affordable.
