Written and medically reviewed by Dorcas Morak, Pharm.D
Arthritis affects nearly 55 million adults in the United States, and the aching, swelling, and stiffness it causes can make everyday tasks like opening a jar or climbing stairs feel like a workout. The good news is that a wide range of medications and lifestyle strategies can reduce pain, improve mobility, and in some cases slow joint damage. Here's what actually helps and how to make treatment more affordable.
Osteoarthritis vs. Rheumatoid Arthritis: What's the Difference?
Osteoarthritis (OA) results from the gradual breakdown of cartilage that cushions the joints, while rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the joint lining. Because these conditions have different causes, their treatments differ significantly. OA treatment focuses on relieving pain and improving joint function, while RA treatment also aims to reduce inflammation and prevent permanent joint damage.
Best Over-the-Counter Medications for Arthritis Pain
For mild arthritis pain, acetaminophen (Tylenol) may help some people, although it relieves pain without reducing inflammation. Many people with osteoarthritis find greater relief from topical or oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), depending on their symptoms and medical history.
Topical diclofenac gel (Voltaren Arthritis Pain Gel) is a popular option for pain in the hands, knees, and other easily reached joints because it provides localized relief with less medication circulating throughout the body than oral NSAIDs.
Common NSAIDs Used to Treat Arthritis Pain
Oral NSAIDs such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve), and celecoxib (Celebrex) reduce both pain and inflammation. While these medications can be highly effective, long-term use should be discussed with a healthcare provider because they may increase the risk of stomach ulcers, kidney problems, and cardiovascular complications, especially at higher doses or with prolonged use.
When Are Corticosteroid Injections Used for Arthritis?
For painful or inflamed joints that aren't responding well to other treatments, corticosteroid injections may provide significant relief for weeks or even months. Because repeated injections into the same joint may contribute to cartilage damage over time, healthcare providers generally limit how often they're given.
DMARD Medications for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are the cornerstone of rheumatoid arthritis treatment because they slow the progression of the disease rather than simply masking symptoms. Common DMARDs include methotrexate (Trexall), hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil), sulfasalazine (Azulfidine), and leflunomide (Arava). Many people with RA begin treatment with one of these medications before considering more advanced therapies.
Biologic Medications and JAK Inhibitors for Rheumatoid Arthritis
If traditional DMARDs don't adequately control RA, healthcare providers may prescribe biologic medications such as adalimumab (Humira) or etanercept (Enbrel), which target specific parts of the immune system.
Another option is a newer class of oral medications called JAK inhibitors, including tofacitinib (Xeljanz), upadacitinib (Rinvoq), and baricitinib (Olumiant). Because these medications affect the immune system, they can increase the risk of infections, so patients should discuss recommended vaccinations and monitoring with their healthcare provider before starting treatment.
Do Glucosamine and Chondroitin Supplements Work?
Research on glucosamine and chondroitin supplements has produced mixed results. Some people report modest pain relief, while many studies have found little or no benefit compared with a placebo. Although these supplements are generally considered low risk for most adults, they shouldn't replace treatments with stronger scientific evidence. Always discuss supplements with your healthcare provider before adding them to your routine.
Medications for Gout and Inflammatory Arthritis
Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis caused by a buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints. During a gout flare, medications such as colchicine (Colcrys) or NSAIDs are commonly prescribed to reduce pain and inflammation. To help prevent future attacks, healthcare providers often prescribe allopurinol (Zyloprim) to lower uric acid levels over the long term.
Lifestyle Changes That Can Help Relieve Arthritis Pain
Medication is only one part of managing arthritis. Losing even a modest amount of weight can reduce stress on weight-bearing joints such as the knees and hips. Low-impact activities like walking, swimming, cycling, and strength training can improve flexibility and support joint health. Physical therapy, along with hot or cold therapy, may also help reduce stiffness and improve daily function.
When Should You See a Healthcare Provider?
While occasional joint discomfort is common, persistent or worsening symptoms deserve medical attention. See a healthcare provider if you experience:
- Joint pain, swelling, or stiffness lasting more than a few weeks
- Redness, warmth, or significant swelling around a joint
- Severe pain that limits daily activities
- Fever along with joint pain
- Symptoms that don't improve with over-the-counter medications
Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent additional joint damage, particularly for inflammatory forms of arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis.
How to Save Money on Arthritis Medications
Arthritis treatment costs can vary widely, from affordable generic NSAIDs to more expensive medications used to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Before filling your prescription, compare prices with the RxLess® Assurance Plan. Simply download the free RxLess® app from the Apple App Store or Google Play to automatically become a member of the RxLess® Assurance Plan. You'll get free digital coupons and real-time prescription price comparisons at more than 70,000 pharmacies nationwide, helping you find lower prices and potentially save up to 88% on many prescription medications.
