Micafungin Drug Information

Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in clinical trials of micafungin for injection cannot be directly compared to rates in clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The overall safety of micafungin for injection was assessed in 520 healthy volunteers and 3417 adult and pediatric patients who received single or multiple doses of micafungin for injection across 50 clinical trials, including the invasive candidiasis, esophageal candidiasis and prophylaxis trials. The doses of micafungin for injection administered included doses above and below the recommended doses and ranged from 0.75 mg/kg to 15 mg/kg in pediatric patients and 12.5 mg to 150 mg/day or greater in adults.

Clinical Trials Experience in Adults In clinical trials with micafungin for injection, 2497/2748 (91%) adult patients experienced at least one adverse reaction. Candidemia and Other Candida Infections In a randomized, double-blind trial for the treatment of candidemia and other Candida infections, adverse reactions occurred in 183/200 (92%) and 171/193 (89%) patients in the micafungin for injection 100 mg/day, and caspofungin (70 mg loading dose followed by 50 mg/day dose) treatment groups, respectively. Selected adverse reactions occurring in 5% or more of the patients and more frequently in the micafungin for injection treatment group, are shown in Table 3. Table 3. Selected * Adverse Reactions in Adult Patients with Candidemia and Other Candida Infections Adverse Reactions by System Organ Class † Micafungin for Injection 100 mg n (%) Caspofungin ‡ n (%) Number of Patients 200 193 Gastrointestinal Disorders 81 76 Diarrhea 15 14 Vomiting 18 16 Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders 77 73 Hypoglycemia 12 9 Hyperkalemia 10 5 General Disorders/Administration Site Conditions 59 51 Investigations 36 37 Blood Alkaline Phosphatase Increased 11 8 Cardiac Disorders 35 36 Atrial Fibrillation 5 0 Patient base: all randomized patients who received at least 1 dose of trial drug. * During IV treatment + 3 days. † Within a system organ class, patients may experience more than 1 adverse reaction. ‡ 70 mg loading dose on day 1 followed by 50 mg/day thereafter (caspofungin). In a second, supportive, randomized, double-blind trial for the treatment of candidemia and other Candida infections, adverse reactions occurred in 245/264 (93%) and 250/265 (94%) adult and pediatric patients in the micafungin for injection (100 mg/day) and amphotericin B liposome (3 mg/kg/day) treatment groups, respectively.

In this trial, the following adverse reactions were reported in patients at least 16 years of age in the micafungin for injection and amphotericin B liposome treatment groups, respectively: nausea (10% vs. 8%), diarrhea (11% vs. 11%), vomiting (13% vs. 9%), abnormal liver tests (4% vs. 3%), increased aspartate aminotransferase (3% vs. 2%), and increased blood alkaline phosphatase (3% vs. 2%). Esophageal Candidiasis In a randomized, double-blind study for treatment of esophageal candidiasis, a total of 202/260 (78%) patients who received micafungin for injection 150 mg/day and 186/258 (72%) patients who received intravenous fluconazole 200 mg/day experienced an adverse reaction. Adverse reactions resulting in discontinuation were reported in 17 (7%) micafungin for injection-treated patients; and in 12 (5%) fluconazole-treated patients. Selected treatment-emergent adverse reactions occurring in 5% or more of the patients and more frequently in the micafungin for injection group, are shown in Table 4. Table 4. Selected * Adverse Reactions in Adult Patients with Esophageal Candidiasis Adverse Reactions by System Organ Class † Micafungin for Injection 150 mg/day n (%) Fluconazole 200 mg/day n (%) Number of Patients 260 258 Gastrointestinal Disorders 84 93 Diarrhea 27 29 Nausea 20 23 Vomiting 17 17 General Disorders/Administration Site Conditions 52 45 Pyrexia 34 21 Nervous System Disorders 42 40 Headache 22 20 Vascular Disorders 54 21 Phlebitis 49 13 Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders 36 26 Rash 14 6 Patient base: all randomized patients who received at least 1 dose of trial drug. * During treatment + 3 days. † Within a system organ class, patients may experience more than 1 adverse reaction.

Prophylaxis of Candida Infections in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients A double-blind trial was conducted in a total of 882 patients scheduled to undergo an autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. The median duration of treatment was 18 days (range 1 to 51 days) in both treatment arms. All adult patients who received micafungin for injection or fluconazole experienced at least one adverse reaction during the study.

Treatment-emergent adverse reactions resulting in micafungin for injection discontinuation were reported in 15 (4%) adult patients; while those resulting in fluconazole discontinuation were reported in 32 (8%). Selected adverse reactions reported in 15% or more of adult patients and more frequently in the micafungin for injection treatment arm, are shown in Table 5. Table 5. Selected Adverse Reactions in Adult Patients During Prophylaxis of Candida Infection in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients System Organ Class Micafungin for Injection 50 mg/day n (%) Fluconazole 400 mg/day n (%) Number of Patients 382 409 Gastrointestinal Disorders 377 404 Diarrhea 294 327 Nausea 270 290 Vomiting 252 274 Abdominal Pain 100 93 Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders 368 385 Neutropenia 288 297 Thrombocytopenia 286 280 Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders 257 275 Rash 95 91 Nervous System Disorders 250 254 Headache 169 154 Psychiatric Disorders 233 235 Insomnia 142 140 Anxiety 84 87 Cardiac Disorders 133 138 Tachycardia 99 91 Patient base: all randomized adult patients who received at least 1 dose of trial drug. Other selected adverse reactions reported at less than 5% in adult clinical trials are listed below: Blood and lymphatic system disorders: coagulopathy, pancytopenia, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura Cardiac disorders: cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, pericardial effusion General disorders and administration site conditions: infusion reaction, injection site thrombosis Hepatobiliary disorders: hepatocellular damage, hepatomegaly, jaundice, hepatic failure Immune disorders: hypersensitivity, anaphylactic reaction Metabolism and nutrition disorders: hypernatremia, hypokalemia Nervous system disorders: convulsions, encephalopathy, intracranial hemorrhage Psychiatric disorders: delirium Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: urticaria Clinical Trials Experience in Pediatric Patients The safety of micafungin for injection was assessed in 593 pediatric patients, 425 of whom were 4 months through 16 years of age and 168 of whom were 3 days to less than 4 months of age who received at least one dose of micafungin for injection across 15 clinical trials. Of the 425 pediatric patients, 4 months through 16 years of age enrolled in 11 clinical trials, 235 (55%) were male, 290 (68%) were white, with the following age distribution: 62 (15%) 4 months to <2 years, 108 (25%) 2 to 5 years, 140 (33%) 6 to 11 years, and 115 (27%) 12 to 16 years of age.

The mean treatment duration was 26.1 days. A total of 246 patients received at least one dose of micafungin for injection ranging from 2 to 10 mg/kg. Overall, 388/425 (91%) patients experienced at least one adverse reaction.

Adverse reactions occurring in ≥15% or more of micafungin-treated pediatric patients 4 months of age and older are: vomiting (32%), diarrhea (24%), pyrexia (24%), hypokalemia (22%), nausea (21%), mucosal inflammation (19%), thrombocytopenia (19%), abdominal pain (18%), headache (15%), and hypertension (15%). Two randomized, double-blind active-controlled trials included pediatric patients. In the invasive candidiasis/candidemia trial, the efficacy and safety of micafungin for injection (2 mg/kg/day for patients weighing 40 kg or less and 100 mg/day for patients weighing greater than 40 kg) was compared to amphotericin B liposome (3 mg/kg/day) in 112 pediatric patients. Treatment-emergent adverse reactions occurred in 51/56 (91%) of patients in the micafungin for injection group and 52/56 (93%) of patients in the amphotericin B liposome group.

Treatment-emergent adverse reactions resulting in drug discontinuation were reported in 2 (4%) micafungin for injection-treated pediatric patients and in 9 (16%) amphotericin B liposome-treated pediatric patients. The prophylaxis study in patients undergoing HSCT investigated the efficacy of micafungin for injection (1 mg/kg/day for patients weighing 50 kg or less and 50 mg/day for patients weighing greater than 50 kg) as compared to fluconazole (8 mg/kg/day for patients weighing 50 kg or less and 400 mg/day for patients weighing greater than 50 kg). All 91 pediatric patients experienced at least one treatment-emergent adverse reaction. Three (7%) pediatric patients discontinued micafungin for injection due to adverse reaction, while one (2%) patient discontinued fluconazole.

Selected adverse reactions, occurring in 15% or more of the patients and more frequently in a micafungin for injection group, for the two comparative trials are shown in Table 6. Table 6. Selected Adverse Reactions in Pediatric Patients with Candidemia and Other Candida Infections (C/IC), and in Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Recipients During Prophylaxis of Candida Infections Adverse Reactions * C/IC † Prophylaxis Micafungin for Injection n = 56 n (%) Amphotericin B liposome n = 56 n (%) Micafungin for Injection n = 43 n (%) Fluconazole n = 48 n (%) Gastrointestinal disorders 22 18 43 45 Vomiting 10 8 28 32 Diarrhea 4 5 22 31 Nausea 4 4 30 25 Abdominal pain 2 2 15 12 Abdominal distension 1 1 8 6 General disorders and administration site conditions 14 14 41 46 Pyrexia 5 9 26 31 Infusion-related reaction 0 3 7 4 Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders 11 8 33 38 Pruritus 0 1 14 15 Rash 1 1 13 13 Urticaria 0 1 8 4 Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders 9 13 30 33 Epistaxis 0 0 4 8 Blood and lymphatic system disorders 17 13 40 44 Thrombocytopenia 5 3 31 37 Neutropenia 3 4 33 34 Anemia 10 6 22 24 Febrile neutropenia 0 0 7 7 Investigations 12 8 24 25 Alanine aminotransferase increased 0 0 7 1 Urine output decreased 0 0 10 8 Cardiac disorders 7 3 10 17 Tachycardia 2 1 7 12 Renal and urinary disorders 4 4 16 15 Hematuria 0 0 10 7 Psychiatric disorders 3 1 20 9 Anxiety 0 0 10 3 * Within a system organ class, patients may experience more than 1 adverse reaction. † Study population included 20 pediatric patients younger than 4 months of age (10 in each arm) Other clinically significant adverse reactions reported at less than 15% in pediatric clinical trials are listed below: Hepatobiliary disorders: hyperbilirubinemia Investigations: liver tests abnormal Renal Disorders: renal failure Clinical Trials Experience in Pediatric Patients Younger than 4 Months of Age The safety of micafungin for injection was assessed in 168 pediatric patients younger than 4 months of age who received varying doses of micafungin for injection in 9 clinical trials. The mean treatment duration was 16.6 days. A total of 59 patients received micafungin for injection at doses ≤4 mg/kg/day and 109 patients received micafungin for injection doses >4 mg/kg/day.

The adverse reaction profile of micafungin for injection in pediatric patients younger than 4 months of age was generally comparable to that of pediatric patients 4 months of age and older and adults. The most frequent adverse reactions (≥15%) in pediatric patients younger than 4 months old receiving a micafungin for injection dose of approximately 4 mg/kg/day included hypokalemia (25%), thrombocytopenia (25%), acidosis (20%), sepsis (20%), anemia (15%), oxygen saturation decreased (15%), and vomiting (15%). No new safety signals were seen in patients who received 5 to 15 mg/kg/day . Additional clinically significant adverse reactions reported in less than 15% of pediatric patients younger than 4 months of age who received approximately 4 mg/kg/day are listed below: Blood and Lymphatic System Disorders: leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, coagulation disorder neonatal Gastrointestinal Disorders: hematochezia, intestinal perforation, ascites, ileus, intestinal infarction, diarrhea, abdominal distension General Disorders and Administration Site Conditions: peripheral swelling, generalized edema, pyrexia, infusion site extravasation, edema neonatal Hepatobiliary Disorders: hyperbilirubinemia Investigations: blood lactate dehydrogenase increased, blood urea increased, ECG QRS complex prolonged Vascular Disorders: neonatal hypotension, thrombophlebitis Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders: hypertonia neonatal Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders: pleural effusion, respiratory failure, neonatal aspiration, respiratory distress Metabolism and nutrition disorders: hyperglycemia, dehydration, hypocalcemia, hypermagnesemia

Postmarketing Experience

The following adverse reactions have been identified during post-approval use of micafungin for injection. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure. Blood and lymphatic system disorders: disseminated intravascular coagulation Hepatobiliary disorders: hepatic disorder Renal and urinary disorders: renal impairment Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis Vascular disorders: shock

Effect of Other Drugs on Micafungin for Injection

CYP3A4, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 Inhibitors Co-administration of micafungin for injection with cyclosporine, itraconazole, voriconazole and fluconazole did not alter the pharmacokinetics of micafungin for injection. CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 Inducer Co-administration of micafungin for injection with rifampin and ritonavir did not alter the pharmacokinetics of micafungin for injection. Co-administration of Micafungin for Injection with Other Drugs Co-administration of micafungin for injection with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), amphotericin B, tacrolimus, prednisolone, sirolimus and nifedipine did not alter the pharmacokinetics of micafungin for injection.

Effect of Micafungin for Injection on Other Drug

CYP3A4 Substrates There was no effect of single or multiple doses of micafungin for injection on cyclosporine, tacrolimus, prednisolone, voriconazole and fluconazole pharmacokinetics. Sirolimus AUC was increased by 21% with no effect on C max in the presence of steady-state micafungin for injection compared with sirolimus alone. Nifedipine AUC and C max were increased by 18% and 42%, respectively, in the presence of steady-state micafungin for injection compared with nifedipine alone.

Itraconazole AUC and C max were increased by 22% and 11%, respectively. Patients receiving sirolimus, nifedipine, and itraconazole in combination with micafungin for injection should be monitored for sirolimus, nifedipine, and itraconazole toxicity and the sirolimus, nifedipine, and itraconazole dosage should be reduced if necessary. UDP-Glycosyltransferase Substrate Co-administration of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) with micafungin for injection did not alter the pharmacokinetics of MMF.

Micafungin for injection is contraindicated in persons with known hypersensitivity to micafungin, any component of micafungin for injection, or other echinocandins. Micafungin for injection is contraindicated in persons with known hypersensitivity to micafungin sodium, any component of micafungin for injection, or other echinocandins.

Micafungin for injection is highly protein bound and, therefore, is not dialyzable. No cases of micafungin for injection overdosage have been reported. Repeated daily doses up to 8 mg/kg (maximum total dose of 896 mg) in adult patients, up to 6 mg/kg in pediatric patients 4 months of age and older, and up to 15 mg/kg in pediatric patients younger than 4 months of age have been administered in clinical trials with no reported dose-limiting toxicity .