Mannitol Drug Information
Generic name: MANNITOL
Osmotic Diuretic [EPC]
Uses of Mannitol
- For Intravenous Injection Mannitol Injection, USP is indicated for the following therapeutic uses:
- The promotion of diuresis, in the prevention and/or treatment of the oliguric phase of acute renal failure before irreversible renal failure becomes established.
- The reduction of intracranial pressure and treatment of cerebral edema by reducing brain mass.
- The reduction of elevated intraocular pressure when it cannot be lowered by other means.
- The promotion of urinary excretion of toxic substances. For Urologic Irrigation Mannitol solution, 2.5% is indicated as an irrigation solution in transurethral prostatic resection or other transurethral surgical procedures.
Dosage & Administration of Mannitol
| 2.5% | Add contents of two 50 mL vials (25% mannitol) to 900 mL Sterile Water for Injection. |
|---|---|
Side Effects of Mannitol
- Reactions are infrequent and may include: To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Fresenius Kabi USA, LLC at 1-800-551-7176 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
- Metabolic: fluid and electrolyte imbalance, acidosis, dehydration.
- Gastrointestinal: dryness of mouth, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.
- Genitourinary: osmotic nephrosis, urinary retention.
- Central Nervous System: headache, convulsions, dizziness.
- Special Senses: Blurred vision, rhinitis.
- Cardiovascular: pulmonary edema, edema, hypotension, hypertension, tachycardia, angina-like chest pains.
- Dermatologic: skin necrosis, thrombophlebitis.
- Hypersensitivity: urticaria.
- Miscellaneous: thirst, arm pain, chills, fever.
Warnings & Cautions for Mannitol
In severe impairment of renal function a test dose should be given (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ). A second test dose may be given if there is an inadequate response. No more than two test doses should be attempted. Excessive loss of water and electrolytes may lead to serious imbalances.
Serum sodium and potassium should be carefully monitored during mannitol therapy. The diuresis after rapid infusion of mannitol may increase preexisting hemoconcentration. With continued use of mannitol a loss of water in excess of electrolytes can cause hypernatremia.
Shift of sodium-free intracellular fluid into the extracellular compartment after mannitol infusion may lower serum sodium concentration and aggravate preexisting hyponatremia. Closely monitor the urine output and discontinue mannitol infusion promptly if output is low. Inadequate urine output results in accumulation of mannitol, expansion of extracellular fluid volume and could result in water intoxication or congestive heart failure.
Renal function must be closely monitored during mannitol infusion. Mannitol solution must be used with caution in patients with significant cardiopulmonary or renal dysfunction. Irrigating solutions used in transurethral prostatectomy have been shown to enter the systemic circulation in relatively large volumes, exert a systemic effect and may significantly alter cardiopulmonary and renal dynamics.
Contraindications for Mannitol
- Well established anuria due to severe renal disease.
- Severe pulmonary congestion or frank pulmonary edema.
- Active intracranial bleeding except during craniotomy.
- Severe dehydration.
- Progressive renal damage or dysfunction after institution of mannitol therapy, including increasing oliguria and azotemia.
- Progressive heart failure or pulmonary congestion after mannitol therapy is started.
Drug information sourced from the FDA. This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional before making any medication decisions.
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