Akeega Drug Information
Generic name: NIRAPARIB TOSYLATE MONOHYDRATE AND ABIRATERONE ACETATE
Uses of Akeega
with prednisone is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious BRCA2 -mutated ( BRCA2 m) metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). AKEEGA with prednisone is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with deleterious or suspected deleterious BRCA -mutated ( BRCA m) metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved test for AKEEGA . AKEEGA is a combination of niraparib, a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor, and abiraterone acetate, a CYP17 inhibitor indicated with prednisone for the treatment of adult patients with: deleterious or suspected deleterious BRCA2 -mutated ( BRCA2 m) metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). deleterious or suspected deleterious BRCA -mutated ( BRCA m) metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Select patients for therapy based on an FDA-approved test for AKEEGA.
Dosage & Administration of Akeega
| Myelosuppression | Hemoglobin <8 g/dL |
|---|---|
| Platelet count <100,000/mcL | First occurrence:
|
| Neutrophil <1,000/mcL |
|
| Hematologic adverse reaction requiring transfusion |
|
| Hepatotoxicity | ALT and/or AST greater than 5 × ULN or total bilirubin greater than 3 × ULN |
| Other non-hematological adverse reactions that persist despite medical management | Grade 3 or 4 |
Side Effects of Akeega
Clinical Trial Experience
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. The safety population described in the WARNINGS and PRECAUTIONS reflect exposure to AKEEGA (niraparib 200 mg and abiraterone acetate 1,000 mg) in BRCA2 m patients (N=162) in the AMPLITUDE study and in BRCA m patients in Cohort 1 (N=113) in the MAGNITUDE study unless otherwise specified. BRCA2 -mutated Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer (mCSPC) The safety of AKEEGA in patients with BRCA2 m mCSPC was evaluated in AMPLITUDE. Patients were randomized to receive either AKEEGA (niraparib 200 mg and abiraterone acetate 1,000 mg once daily) (n=162), or placebo and abiraterone acetate (n=161) until unacceptable toxicity or progression.
Patients in both arms also received prednisone 5 mg daily. The median duration of exposure for AKEEGA was 26 months (range: 0 to 48 months). Serious adverse reactions occurred in 36% of patients who received AKEEGA. Serious adverse reactions reported in >2% of patients included anemia (4.9%), and pneumonia (3.7%). Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 4.9% of patients who received AKEEGA, including sudden death (1.9%), COVID-19 pneumonia (1.2%), pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (0.6%), pneumonia (0.6%), and cardio-respiratory arrest (0.6%). Permanent discontinuation of any component of AKEEGA due to an adverse reaction occurred in 13% of patients. Dosage interruptions of any component of AKEEGA due to an adverse reaction occurred in 67% of patients.
Adverse reactions which required dosage interruption in >2% of patients included anemia (30%), COVID-19 (10%), hypertension (9%), neutropenia (8%), thrombocytopenia (8%), hypokalemia (7%), vomiting (4.9%), fatigue (4.3%), diarrhea (2.5%), and pneumonia (2.5%). Dose reductions of any component of AKEEGA due to an adverse reaction occurred in 25% of patients. Adverse reactions which required dose reductions in >2% of patients included anemia (17%). The most common adverse reactions (>20%), including laboratory abnormalities, in patients who received AKEEGA were decreased hemoglobin, decreased lymphocyte count, hypertension, decreased neutrophil count, musculoskeletal pain, decreased platelet count, constipation, fatigue, decreased potassium, increase creatinine, nausea, increased alkaline phosphate, increased aspartate aminotransferase, respiratory tract infection, arrhythmia, increased blood bilirubin, and fluid retention/edema. Table 2: Adverse Reactions (>20%) in Patients with BRCA2m mCSPC Who Received AKEEGA (with a Difference of ≥5% Compared to Placebo) in AMPLITUDE Adverse Reaction AKEEGA (N=162) Placebo with Abiraterone Acetate (N=161) All Grades % Grade 3 or 4 % All Grades % Grade 3 or 4 % Vascular disorders Hypertension Grouped terms including multiple similar terms 51 31 36 19 Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders Musculoskeletal pain 45 6 58
Gastrointestinal disorders Constipation 41 0 17 0.6 Nausea 30 0 17 0
General disorders and administration Fatigue 39 4.3 29
Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders Respiratory Tract Infection 23 0.6 13 0.6
Cardiac disorders Arrhythmia 23 3.7 9
Clinically relevant adverse reactions that occurred in ≤20% of patients receiving
AKEEGA plus prednisone were hot flush (18%), vomiting (17%), dizziness (17%), abdominal pain (15%), weight decreased (14%), diarrhea (14%), decreased appetite (12%), headache (12%), hemorrhage (12%), dyspnea (10%), urinary tract infection (8%), pneumonia (7%), osteoporosis (4.9%), rash (3.7%), cardiac failure (3.1%), ischemic heart disease (4.9%), acute kidney injury (2.5%), pulmonary embolism (2.5%), and urosepsis (0.6%). The most common select laboratory abnormalities (>20%) that worsened from baseline in patients who received AKEEGA are in Table 3. Table 3: Select Laboratory Abnormalities (>20%) That Worsened from Baseline in Patients with BRCA2m mCSPC Who Received AKEEGA in AMPLITUDE Laboratory Abnormality AKEEGA The denominator used to calculate the rate varied from 160 to 161 for placebo with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone and 159 to 162 for AKEEGA with prednisone based on the number of patients with a baseline value and at least one post-treatment value. (N=162) Placebo with Abiraterone Acetate (N=161) All Grades (%) Grade 3 or 4 (%) All Grades (%) Grade 3 or 4 (%) Hematology Decreased Hemoglobin 74 29 53
Decreased Lymphocyte Count 59 20 37 13 Decreased Neutrophil Count 49 10
19
Decreased Platelet Count 41 4.9 23 0.6 Chemistry Decreased Potassium 38 9
29 10 Increased Creatinine 30 1.3 16
Increased Alkaline Phosphatase 28 0.6 24 3.1 Increased Aspartate Aminotransferase 24 1.3
33
Increased Blood Bilirubin 22 0 11 0
BRCA -mutated Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer The safety of AKEEGA in patients with BRCA m mCRPC was evaluated in Cohort 1 of MAGNITUDE. Patients were randomized to receive either AKEEGA (niraparib 200 mg and abiraterone acetate 1,000 mg once daily) (n=113), or placebo and abiraterone acetate (n=112) until unacceptable toxicity or progression. Patients in both arms also received prednisone 10 mg daily. The median duration of exposure for AKEEGA was 18 months (range: 0 to 37 months). Serious adverse reactions occurred in 41% of patients who received AKEEGA. Serious adverse reactions reported in >2% of patients included COVID-19 (7%), anemia (4.4%), pneumonia (3.5%), and hemorrhage (3.5%). Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 9% of patients who received AKEEGA, including COVID-19 (5%), cardiopulmonary arrest (1%), dyspnea (1%), pneumonia (1%), and septic shock (1%). Permanent discontinuation of any component of AKEEGA due to an adverse reaction occurred in 15% of patients.
Adverse reactions which resulted in permanent discontinuation of AKEEGA in > 2% of patients included COVID-19 (4.4%), anemia (2.7%), asthenia (2.7%), and vomiting (2.7%). Dosage interruptions of any component of AKEEGA due to an adverse reaction occurred in 50% of patients. Adverse reactions which required dosage interruption in > 2% of patients included anemia (23%), thrombocytopenia (12%), neutropenia (7%), COVID-19 (6%), fatigue (3.5%), asthenia (3.5%), nausea (3.5%), pneumonia (2.7%), hematuria (2.7%), and vomiting (2.7%). Dose reductions of any component of AKEEGA due to an adverse reaction occurred in 28% of patients. Adverse reactions which required dose reductions in > 2% of patients included anemia (12%), thrombocytopenia (4.4%), and fatigue (2.7%). The most common adverse reactions (>20%), including laboratory abnormalities, in patients who received AKEEGA were hemoglobin decreased, lymphocyte decreased, musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, platelets decreased, constipation, alkaline phosphatase increased, hypertension, nausea, neutrophils decreased, creatinine increased, potassium increased, potassium decreased, and aspartate aminotransferase increased.
Tables 4 and 5 summarize adverse reactions and laboratory abnormalities for patients with BRCA m mCRPC in MAGNITUDE, respectively. Table 4: Adverse Reactions (>10%) in Patients with BRCAm mCRPC Who Received AKEEGA in MAGNITUDE AKEEGA (N=113) Placebo with Abiraterone Acetate (N=112) Adverse Reaction All Grades % Grade 3 or 4 % All Grades % Grade 3 or 4 % Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders Musculoskeletal pain Grouped terms including multiple similar terms. 44 4 42 5 General disorders and administration site conditions Fatigue 43 5 30 4 Edema 17 0 9 0 Pyrexia 10 2 6 0 Gastrointestinal disorders Constipation 34 1 20 0 Vomiting 15 0 7 1 Nausea 33 1 21 0 Abdominal pain 12 2 12 1 Vascular disorders Hypertension 33 14 27 17 Hemorrhage 12 2 8 1 Respiratory, thoracic and mediastinal disorders Dyspnea 15 1 8 3 Cough 12 0 6 0 Metabolism and nutrition disorders Decreased appetite 15 2 8 0 Nervous system disorders Dizziness 14 0 10 0 Headache 12 1 9 0 Infections and infestations COVID-19 13 7 9 4 Urinary tract infection 12 3 9 1 Psychiatric disorders Insomnia 12 0 4 0 Investigations Weight decreased 10 1 4 1 Cardiac disorders Arrhythmia 10 2 4 1 Injury, poisoning and procedural complications Fall 10 1 13 4 Clinically relevant adverse events that occurred in <10 % of patients receiving akeega plus prednisone were rash (7%), alanine aminotransferase increased (5%), aspartate aminotransferase increased (5%), cerebrovascular accident (4.4%), pulmonary embolism (2.7%), deep vein thrombosis (2.7%), and acute kidney injury (2.7%). table 5: select laboratory abnormalities (>20%) That Worsened from Baseline in Patients with BRCAm mCRPC Who Received AKEEGA in MAGNITUDE AKEEGA The denominator used to calculate the rate varied from 111 to 112 for placebo with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone and 113 for AKEEGA with prednisone based on the number of patients with a baseline value and at least one post-treatment value. (N=113) Placebo with Abiraterone Acetate (N=112) Laboratory Abnormality All Grades (%) Grade 3 or 4 (%) All Grades (%) Grade 3 or 4 (%) Hematology Hemoglobin decreased 67 26 53 7 Lymphocyte decreased 55 22 32 13 Platelets decreased 37 8 22
Neutrophils decreased 32 7 16 2.7 Chemistry Alkaline Phosphatase increased 34 1.8
29
Creatinine increased 30 0 13 1.8 Potassium increased 25 0.9 21 3.6
Potassium decreased 20 5 20 5 Aspartate Aminotransferase increased 20 1.8 25
Other Clinical Trial Experience
The following adverse reactions have been reported with the individual components of AKEEGA but were not observed in AMPLITUDE or MAGNITUDE Cohort 1: myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, adrenal insufficiency, allergic alveolitis, febrile neutropenia, anaphylactic reaction, posterior reversible encephalopathy (PRES), and hypertensive crisis.
Warnings & Cautions for Akeega
Myelodysplastic Syndrome/Acute Myeloid Leukemia
AKEEGA may cause myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia (MDS/AML). In the individual AMPLITUDE and MAGNITUDE studies, MDS or AML, including cases with fatal outcomes, were reported in 0.6% (2/347) and 0.5% (1/212) of patients treated with AKEEGA plus prednisone, respectively. All patients in other tumor types treated with niraparib, a component of AKEEGA, who developed secondary MDS/cancer-therapy-related AML had received previous chemotherapy with platinum agents and/or other DNA-damaging agents, including radiotherapy. For suspected MDS/AML or prolonged hematological toxicities, refer the patient to a hematologist for further evaluation.
Discontinue AKEEGA if MDS/AML is confirmed.
Myelosuppression
AKEEGA may cause myelosuppression (anemia, thrombocytopenia, or neutropenia). In AMPLITUDE, Grade 3–4 anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia were reported, respectively in 29%, 10%, and 4.9% of patients receiving AKEEGA. Overall, 25% of patients with anemia required a red blood cell transfusion, including 15% who required more than one transfusion. Discontinuation due to anemia occurred in 1.2% of patients. In MAGNITUDE Cohort 1, Grade 3–4 anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia were reported, respectively in 28%, 8%, and 7% of patients receiving AKEEGA. Overall, 27% of patients with anemia required a red blood cell transfusion, including 19.5% who required more than one transfusion.
Discontinuation due to anemia occurred in 3% of patients. Monitor complete blood counts weekly during the first month of AKEEGA treatment, every two weeks for the next two months, monthly for the remainder of the first year and then every other month, and as clinically indicated. Do not start AKEEGA until patients have adequately recovered from hematologic toxicity caused by previous therapy.
If hematologic toxicities do not resolve within 28 days following interruption, discontinue AKEEGA and refer the patient to a hematologist for further investigations, including bone marrow analysis and blood sample for cytogenetics .
Hypokalemia, Fluid Retention, and Cardiovascular Adverse Reactions
AKEEGA may cause hypokalemia and fluid retention as a consequence of increased mineralocorticoid levels resulting from CYP17 inhibition . In post-marketing experience, QT prolongation and Torsades de Pointes have been observed in patients who develop hypokalemia while taking abiraterone acetate, a component of AKEEGA. Hypertension and hypertensive crisis have also been reported in patients treated with niraparib, a component of AKEEGA. In AMPLITUDE, which used prednisone 5 mg daily in combination with AKEEGA, Grades 3–4 hypokalemia was detected in 9% of patients on the AKEEGA arm, and Grades 3–4 hypertension was observed in 30% of patients on the AKEEGA arm. In MAGNITUDE Cohort 1, which used prednisone 10 mg daily in combination with AKEEGA, Grade 3–4 hypokalemia was detected in 2.7% of patients on the AKEEGA arm and Grade 3–4 hypertension was observed in 14% of patients on the AKEEGA arm. Monitor patients for hypertension, hypokalemia, and fluid retention at least weekly for the first two months, then once a month.
Closely monitor patients whose underlying medical conditions might be compromised by increases in blood pressure, hypokalemia, or fluid retention, such as those with heart failure, recent myocardial infarction, cardiovascular disease, or ventricular arrhythmia. Control hypertension and correct hypokalemia before and during treatment with AKEEGA. Discontinue AKEEGA in patients who develop hypertensive crisis or other severe cardiovascular adverse reactions. The safety of AKEEGA in patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II to IV heart failure has not been established because these patients were excluded from AMPLITUDE and MAGNITUDE.
Hepatotoxicity
AKEEGA may cause hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity in patients receiving abiraterone acetate, a component of AKEEGA, has been reported in clinical trials. In post-marketing experience, there have been abiraterone acetate-associated severe hepatic toxicity, including fulminant hepatitis, acute liver failure, and deaths.
In AMPLITUDE, Grade 3–4 ALT or AST increases (at least 5 × ULN) were reported in 1.9% and 1.3% of patients, respectively. In MAGNITUDE Cohort 1, Grade 3–4 ALT or AST increases (at least 5 × ULN) were reported in 1.8% and 0.9% of patients, respectively. The safety of AKEEGA in patients with moderate or severe hepatic impairment has not been established as these patients were excluded from AMPLITUDE and MAGNITUDE. Measure serum transaminases (ALT and AST) and bilirubin levels prior to starting treatment with AKEEGA, every two weeks for the first three months of treatment and monthly thereafter.
Promptly measure serum total bilirubin, AST, and ALT if clinical symptoms or signs suggestive of hepatotoxicity develop. Elevations of AST, ALT, or bilirubin from the patient's baseline should prompt more frequent monitoring and may require dosage modifications. Permanently discontinue AKEEGA for patients who develop a concurrent elevation of ALT greater than 3 × ULN and total bilirubin greater than 2 × ULN in the absence of biliary obstruction or other causes responsible for the concurrent elevation, or in patients who develop ALT or AST ≥20 × ULN at any time after receiving AKEEGA.
Adrenocortical Insufficiency
AKEEGA may cause adrenal insufficiency. Adrenocortical insufficiency has been reported in clinical trials in patients receiving abiraterone acetate, a component of AKEEGA, in combination with prednisone, following interruption of daily steroids and/or with concurrent infection or stress. Monitor patients for symptoms and signs of adrenocortical insufficiency, particularly if patients are withdrawn from prednisone, have prednisone dose reductions, or experience unusual stress.
Symptoms and signs of adrenocortical insufficiency may be masked by adverse reactions associated with mineralocorticoid excess seen in patients treated with abiraterone acetate. If clinically indicated, perform appropriate tests to confirm the diagnosis of adrenocortical insufficiency. Increased doses of corticosteroids may be indicated before, during, and after stressful situations.
Hypoglycemia
AKEEGA may cause hypoglycemia in patients being treated with other medications for diabetes. Severe hypoglycemia has been reported when abiraterone acetate, a component of AKEEGA, was administered to patients receiving medications containing thiazolidinediones (including pioglitazone) or repaglinide . Monitor blood glucose in patients with diabetes during and after discontinuation of treatment with AKEEGA. Assess if antidiabetic drug dosage needs to be adjusted to minimize the risk of hypoglycemia.
Increased Fractures and Mortality in Combination with Radium 223 Dichloride
AKEEGA with prednisone is not recommended for use in combination with Ra-223 dichloride outside of clinical trials. The clinical efficacy and safety of concurrent initiation of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone/prednisolone and radium Ra 223 dichloride was assessed in a randomized, placebo-controlled multicenter study (ERA-223 trial) in 806 patients with asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with bone metastases. The study was unblinded early based on an Independent Data Monitoring Committee recommendation.
At the primary analysis, increased incidences of fractures (29% vs 11%) and deaths (39% vs 36%) have been observed in patients who received abiraterone acetate plus prednisone/prednisolone in combination with radium Ra 223 dichloride compared to patients who received placebo in combination with abiraterone acetate plus prednisone. It is recommended that subsequent treatment with Ra-223 not be initiated for at least five days after the last administration of AKEEGA, in combination with prednisone.
Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome
AKEEGA may cause Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES). PRES has been observed in patients treated with niraparib as a single agent at higher than the recommended dose of niraparib included in AKEEGA. Monitor all patients treated with AKEEGA for signs and symptoms of PRES. If PRES is suspected, promptly discontinue AKEEGA and administer appropriate treatment. The safety of reinitiating AKEEGA in patients previously experiencing PRES is not known.
Embryo-Fetal Toxicity
The safety and efficacy of AKEEGA have not been established in females. Based on animal reproductive studies and mechanism of action, AKEEGA can cause fetal harm and loss of pregnancy when administered to a pregnant female . Niraparib has the potential to cause teratogenicity and/or embryo-fetal death since niraparib is genotoxic and targets actively dividing cells in animals and patients (e.g., bone marrow) . In animal reproduction studies, oral administration of abiraterone acetate to pregnant rats during organogenesis caused adverse developmental effects at maternal exposures approximately ≥ 0.03 times the human exposure (AUC) at the recommended dose. Advise males with female partners of reproductive potential to use effective contraception during treatment and for 4 months after the last dose of AKEEGA . Females who are or may become pregnant should handle AKEEGA with protection, e.g., gloves.
Drug Interactions with Akeega
Effect of Other Drugs on
AKEEGA Effect of CYP3A4 Inducers Avoid coadministration with strong CYP3A4 inducers . Abiraterone is a substrate of CYP3A4. Strong CYP3A4 inducers may decrease abiraterone concentrations, which may reduce the effectiveness of abiraterone.
Effects of
AKEEGA on Other Drugs CYP2D6 Substrates Avoid coadministration unless otherwise recommended in the Prescribing Information for CYP2D6 substrates for which minimal changes in concentration may lead to serious toxicities. If alternative treatments cannot be used, consider a dose reduction of the concomitant CYP2D6 substrate drug. Abiraterone is a CYP2D6 moderate inhibitor.
AKEEGA increases the concentration of CYP2D6 substrates, which may increase the risk of adverse reactions related to these substrates. CYP2C8 Substrates Monitor patients for signs of toxicity related to a CYP2C8 substrate for which a minimal change in plasma concentration may lead to serious or life-threatening adverse reactions. Abiraterone is a CYP2C8 inhibitor.
AKEEGA increases the concentration of CYP2C8 substrates, which may increase the risk of adverse reactions related to these substrates.
Pregnancy Safety for Akeega
Pregnancy Risk Summary The safety and efficacy of AKEEGA have not been established in females. Based on findings from animal studies and mechanism of action , AKEEGA can cause fetal harm and potential loss of pregnancy. There are no human data on the use of AKEEGA in pregnant women.
Niraparib has the potential to cause teratogenicity and/or embryo-fetal death since niraparib is genotoxic and targets actively dividing cells in animals and patients (e.g., bone marrow) . Due to the potential risk to a fetus based on its mechanism of action, animal developmental and reproductive toxicology studies were not conducted with niraparib. In animal reproduction studies, oral administration of abiraterone acetate to pregnant rats during organogenesis caused adverse developmental effects at maternal exposures approximately ≥ 0.03 times the human exposure (AUC) at the recommended dose (see Data ). Data Animal Data Niraparib Niraparib is genotoxic and targets actively dividing cells. Animal developmental and reproductive toxicology studies were not conducted with niraparib.
Abiraterone Acetate In an embryo-fetal developmental toxicity study in rats, abiraterone acetate caused developmental toxicity when administered at oral doses of 10, 30 or 100 mg/kg/day throughout the period of organogenesis (gestational days 6–17). Findings included embryo-fetal lethality (increased post implantation loss and resorptions and decreased number of live fetuses), fetal developmental delay (skeletal effects) and urogenital effects (bilateral ureter dilation) at doses ≥10 mg/kg/day, decreased fetal ano-genital distance at ≥30 mg/kg/day, and decreased fetal body weight at 100 mg/kg/day. Doses ≥10 mg/kg/day caused maternal toxicity. The doses tested in rats resulted in systemic exposures (AUC) approximately 0.03, 0.1 and 0.3 times, respectively, the AUC in patients receiving 1,000 mg daily of abiraterone acetate.
Pediatric Use of Akeega
Pediatric Use Safety and effectiveness of AKEEGA in pediatric patients have not been established.
Overdosage Information for Akeega
In the event of an overdose, administration of AKEEGA should be stopped and general supportive measures undertaken, including monitoring for arrhythmias and cardiac failure and assessing liver function. There is no specific treatment in the event of AKEEGA overdose.
Clinical Studies of Akeega
BRCA2 -mutated Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer (mCSPC)
The efficacy of AKEEGA was investigated in AMPLITUDE (NCT04497844), a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-cohort, multi-center study in which 696 patients with homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene-mutated (HRRm) mCSPC were randomized (1:1) to receive niraparib 200 mg and abiraterone acetate 1,000 mg (N=348) or placebo and abiraterone acetate (N=348). All patients received prednisone 5 mg daily and were required to have androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) (medical or surgical) >14 days prior to randomization. The only allowable prior systemic therapy in the mCSPC setting, was up to 45 days of abiraterone acetate, up to 6 cycles of docetaxel, and up to 6 months of ADT. Randomization was stratified by HRR gene alteration ( BRCA2 versus CDK12 versus all other pathogenic alterations), prior docetaxel use (yes versus no), and volume of disease at screening (high versus low). Of the 696 patients enrolled, 323 were randomized as having BRCA2 gene mutation ( BRCA2 m). Mutation status was determined prospectively using the Foundation One CDx tissue assay or other clinical trial assays. Among the 323 patients with BRCA2 m the median age was 66 years (range 41; 92); 68% were White, 25% Asian, 4% Black, and 3% other or not reported; 10% were Hispanic or Latino; and baseline ECOG performance status was 0 (68%), 1 (30%) or 2 (1.2%). 16% had received prior docetaxel and 11% received prior abiraterone acetate for up to 45 days for mCSPC. 40% had bone-only metastases and 15% had visceral metastases, 10% had BRCA 2 mutations in combination with mutations in other HRR genes.
The major efficacy outcome measure was radiographic progression free survival (rPFS) determined by investigator-assessed radiographic progression by bone scan (according to PCWG3 criteria) or soft tissue lesions by CT or MRI (according to RECIST 1.1 criteria) or death, whichever occurred first. Overall Survival (OS) and Time to Symptomatic Progression (TSP) were additional efficacy outcome measures. A statistically significant improvement in rPFS for niraparib and abiraterone acetate compared to placebo and abiraterone acetate was observed in the overall population of patients with HRRm.
In an exploratory analysis in the subgroup of 373 patients with non- BRCA2 mutations, the investigator-assessed rPFS hazard ratio was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.63, 1.24), indicating that the improvement in the overall population was primarily attributed to the results seen in the subgroup of patients with BRCA2 mutation. The efficacy results are presented in Table 6 and Figure 1 for patients with BRCA2 mutations in AMPLITUDE. Table 6: Efficacy Results from the BRCA2m Subgroup of the AMPLITUDE Study Endpoints AKEEGA (N=162) Placebo +Abiraterone Acetate (N=161) NE = not estimable Radiographic Progression-free Survival Investigator-assessed Events 48 (30%) 82(51%) Median (95% CI) time to event (months) NE (41, NE) 26 Hazard Ratio (95% CI) Calculated using an unstratified Cox proportional hazards model 0.46 At the first interim analysis for OS, 91 deaths occurred in the BRCA2 m population, 36 in the AKEEGA arm) and 55 in the placebo and abiraterone acetate arm. Figure 1: Kaplan-Meier Plot of Radiographic Progression-Free Survival in the BRCA2 m Population (AMPLITUDE) Treatment with AKEEGA resulted in a delay in TSP (HR = 0.41, 95% CI= 0.26, 0.65). TSP was defined as the time from randomization to the time of symptomatic progression, which included use of external beam radiation for skeletal or pelvic symptoms, cancer-related morbid events, initiation of new systemic anti-cancer therapy, and other cancer-related procedures.
Chemical Structure
BRCA -mutated Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC)
The efficacy of AKEEGA was investigated in Cohort 1 of MAGNITUDE (NCT03748641), a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, multi-cohort, multi-center study in which 423 patients with homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene-mutated (HRRm) mCRPC were randomized (1:1) to receive niraparib 200 mg and abiraterone 1,000 mg (N=212) or placebo and abiraterone (N=211) until unacceptable toxicity or progression. All patients received prednisone 10 mg daily and a GnRH analog or had prior bilateral orchiectomy. Patients with mCRPC who had not received prior systemic therapy in the mCRPC setting except for a short duration of prior abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (up to four months) and ongoing ADT, were eligible.
Patients could have received prior docetaxel or androgen-receptor (AR) targeted therapies in either the metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) or non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) setting. Randomization was stratified by prior docetaxel for mCSPC (yes or no), prior AR targeted therapy for mCSPC or nmCRPC (yes or no), prior abiraterone acetate for mCRPC (yes or no), and BRCA -status ( BRCA m vs. other). Of the 423 patients enrolled, 225 (53%) had BRCA gene mutations ( BRCA m). Mutation status of BRCA genes was determined prospectively using the Foundation One CDx tissue assay or other clinical trial assays. Among the 225 patients with BRCA m, the median age was 68 years (range 43–100) and 66% were 65 years of age or older; 72% were White, 17% Asian, and 1% Black, and 10% other or not reported; 12% were Hispanic or Latino; and baseline ECOG performance status (PS) was 0 (66%) or 1 (34%). Twenty-four percent had received prior docetaxel, 5% received prior AR-targeted therapy for mCSPC or nmCRPC, and 26% received prior abiraterone acetate plus prednisone for up to 4 months for mCRPC. Thirty-seven percent had bone-only metastases and 21% had visceral metastases.
Seven percent had BRCA1 mutations, 78% had BRCA2 mutations, and 15% had BRCA mutations in combination with mutations in other HRR genes. The major efficacy outcome measure was radiographic progression free survival (rPFS) determined by blinded independent central radiology (BICR) review evaluated per Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 (soft tissue lesions) and Prostate Cancer Working Group-3 (PCWG-3) criteria (bone lesions). Overall survival (OS) was an additional efficacy outcome measure. A statistically significant improvement in rPFS for niraparib plus abiraterone compared to placebo plus abiraterone was observed in BRCA m patients, and the Cohort 1 intention to treat (ITT) population.
In an exploratory analysis in the subgroup of 198 (47%) patients with non- BRCA mutations, the rPFS hazard ratio was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.67, 1.44) and the OS hazard ratio was 1.13 (95% CI: 0.77, 1.64), indicating that the improvement in the ITT population was primarily attributed to the results seen in the subgroup of patients with BRCA m. The efficacy results are presented in Table 7 and Figures 2 and 3 for patients in Cohort 1 with BRCA mutations. Table 7: Efficacy Results from the BRCAm Subgroup of the MAGNITUDE Study Endpoints AKEEGA (N=113) Placebo + Abiraterone Acetate (N=112) NE = not estimable Radiographic Progression-free Survival rPFS results based on blinded independent central review at primary analysis.
Event of disease progression or death (%) 45 (40%) 64 (57%) Median, months (95% CI) 16.6 (13.9, NE)
Hazard Ratio Cox proportional hazards model stratified by prior docetaxel (yes vs.
no) and prior abiraterone (yes vs. no). (95% CI) 0.53 p-value Stratified log-rank test two-sided p-value 0.0014 At the protocol pre-specified final OS analysis in Cohort 1, 60 (53%) deaths and 70 (63%) deaths were observed in the AKEEGA arm and placebo arm, respectively, for patients with BRCA m. In an exploratory OS analysis in the subgroup of patients with BRCA m, the median in the AKEEGA arm was 30.4 (95% CI: 27.6, NE) and 28.6 months (95% CI: 23.8, 33.0) in the placebo arm, with an OS hazard ratio of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.55, 1.12). Figure 2: Kaplan-Meier Plot of BICR Assessed Radiographic Progression-Free Survival in the BRCA m Population (MAGNITUDE, primary analysis) Figure 3: Kaplan-Meier Plot of Overall Survival in the BRCA m Population (MAGNITUDE, final analysis) Figure 1 Figure 2
Drug information sourced from the FDA. This content is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional before making any medication decisions.
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